Bletilla striata polysaccharides (BSPs) have been used in pharmaceutical and biomedical industry, the aim of the present study was to explore a BSPs amphiphilic derivative to overcome its application limit as poorly water-soluble drug carriers due to water-soluble polymers. Stearic acid (SA) was selected as a hydrophobic block to modify B. striata polysaccharides (SA-BSPs). Docetaxel (DTX)-loaded SA-BSPs (DTX-SA-BSPs) copolymer micelles were prepared and characterized. The DTX release percentage in vitro and DTX concentration in vivo was carried out by using high performance liquid chromatography. HepG2 and HeLa cells were subjected to MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazonium bromide) assay to evaluate the cell viability. In vitro evaluation of copolymer micelles showed higher drug encapsulation and loading capacity. The release percentage of DTX from DTX-SA-BSPs copolymer micelles and docetaxel injection was 66.93 ± 1.79% and 97.06 ± 1.56% in 2 days, respectively. The DTX-SA-BSPs copolymer micelles exhibited a sustained release of DTX. A 50% increase in growth inhibition was observed for HepG2 cells treated with DTX-SA-BSPs copolymer micelles as compared to those treated with docetaxel injection for 72 h. DTX-SA-BSPs copolymer micelles presented a similar growth inhibition effect on Hela cells. Furthermore, absolute bioavailability of DTX-SA-BSPs copolymer micelles was shown to be 1.39-fold higher than that of docetaxel injection. Therefore, SA-BSPs copolymer micelles may be used as potential biocompatible polymers for cancer chemotherapy.
Action recognition in surveillance video makes our life safer by detecting the criminal events or predicting violent emergencies. However, efficient action recognition is not free of difficulty. First, there are so many action classes in daily life that we cannot pre-define all possible action classes beforehand. Moreover, it is very hard to collect real-word videos for certain particular actions such as steal and street fight due to legal restrictions and privacy protection. These challenges make existing data-driven recognition methods insufficient to attain desired performance. Zero-shot learning is potential to be applied to solve these issues since it can perform classification without positive example. Nevertheless, current zero-shot learning algorithms have been studied under the unreasonable setting where seen classes are absent during the testing phase. Motivated by this, we study the task of action recognition in surveillance video under a more realistic generalized zero-shot setting, where testing data contains both seen and unseen classes. To our best knowledge, this is the first work to study video action recognition under the generalized zero-shot setting. We firstly perform extensive empirical studies on several existing zero-shot leaning approaches under this new setting on a web-scale video data. Our experimental results demonstrate that, under the generalize setting, typical zero-shot learning methods are no longer effective for the dataset we applied. Then, we propose a method for action recognition by deploying generalized zero-shot learning, which transfers the knowledge of web video to detect the anomalous actions in surveillance videos. To verify 2 the effectiveness of our proposed method, we further construct a new surveillance video dataset consisting of nine action classes related to the public safety situation.
Abstract:In order to explore the influence mechanism of traditional Chinese culture values on urban residents' acceptance of the reuse of recycled water, this paper selects interdependent self-constructional indicators representing the dependency relation between people as the representative of traditional culture values. In this paper, interdependent self-constructional indicators are introduced based on a technology acceptance model (TAM), in order to establish a hypothesis model. Following this, the writer conducts a study that shows the influence on the acceptance of recycled water through the formation of interdependent self-construction. Finally, the influence mechanism of traditional cultural values on citizens' behavior regarding the reuse of recycled water is determined. To start with, the writer verifies the reliability and validity of data from 584 samples, and then tests the goodness-of-fit between the sample data and the hypothesis model by AMOS21.0 (software). On this basis, the writer analyzes the direct and indirect influence through the hypothesis model and finds that the interdependent self-constructional intensity will accelerate the acceptance process of recycled water technology by positively influencing a change in the residents' attitudes to recycled water. The conclusion shows that traditional Chinese cultural values have a certain influence on urban residents' acceptance of the reuse of recycled water. Meanwhile, the writer clarifies the influence's mechanism.
The
microparticles of poly(lactic-co-glycolic
acid) (PLGA) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and microcapsules
of ibuprofen-PLGA, ibuprofen-polylactic acid, and ibuprofen-PMMA were
successfully prepared using the solvent extraction of oil-in-deep
eutectic solvent (O/DES) emulsions with dichloromethane or ethyl acetate
as the solvent of the oil phase, [ChCl] [dl-malic acid] or
[ChCl] [malonic acid] as the DES, and water, 1 wt % poly(vinyl alcohol)
solution in water, or ethanol as the antisolvent. The morphologies
of the product microparticles and microcapsules were characterized
by scanning electron microscopy and found to be dependent on the solvent
of the oil phase in the O/DES emulsions rather than the other surfactants,
which was essentially the outcome of interplay between polymer solution
phase separation and polymer chain mobility. The encapsulation efficiencies
and drug loading efficiencies of the microcapsules were determined
experimentally in the ranges of 14.5–16.4% and 87.1–98.9%,
respectively. The in vitro test confirmed the slow release characteristics
of the product microcapsules. Additionally, the information on the
miscibility of various organic solvents with DES was collected and
presented as fundamental information for the formation of O/DES emulsions.
The stability of O/DES emulsions was also monitored by measuring the
variations of viscosity and electrical conductivity with time of the
emulsion, and the results showed that the stability could be as long
as 72 h. Compared to the traditional methods such as solvent evaporation
of O/W emulsion and solvent extraction of O/O emulsion, the application
of solvent extraction of O/DES emulsion could provide a surfactant-free
route and reduce the use of harmful organic solvents, respectively.
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