SummarySwimming is a non-weight-bearing exercise. Therefore it has the advantage of maintaining skeletal integrity in aged persons with weakened skeletal structures . Unlike other weight-bearing aerobic exercises, however, it does not appear to exert sufficient stimu lus on bone-remodeling activities because the local load-bearing on bone tissues is mild . The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of swimming on bone remodeling, espe cially with the use of implanted pellets containing bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and demineralized bone matrix during the initial stages of the differentiation of mesenchymal cells to cartilage cells. Six-week-old female rats were divided into the swimming group and a control, nonswimming group. Test animals were forced to swim in a water bath for 30min daily for 2wk. After the swimming protocol, pellets were implanted and harvested . Messenger RNA isolated from pellets was quantified by means of a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The expression of RNAs for bone sialoprotein and BMP-6 in pel lets from the swimming group was apparently enhanced at 7d after implantation . These re sults suggested that systemic hormonal and/or metabolic changes that promote cartilage formation might have occurred after swimming because the effect was observed after the swimming protocol had ended and the pellets were implanted at a non-weight-bearing site .
The purpose of this study is to examine the validity of two obesity indices, BMI and waist circumference WC , regarding the diagnosis of dyslipidemia among a worksite population. Worksite annual health check-up data in 2013 involving 15,289 subjects were utilized for this study. After subjects with missing values, on lipid-lowering medication, with TG values of ≥ 600 mg/dl, under 20 years or over 60 years of age, and smokers were excluded, we eventually analyzed 8,189 subjects 3,990 men, 4,199 women . In this population, the diagnostic validity of the following three cut-off values was evaluated: 1 BMI ≥ 25 BMI criteria , 2 WC ≥ 85 cm men and ≥ 90 cm women JASSO WC criteria , and 3 WC ≥ 90 cm men and ≥ 80 cm women WHO WC criteria . Among each age and sex strata, relatively high odds ratios were observed for high triglyceridemia TG ≥ 150 mg/dl and low HDL-cholesterolemia HDL-C 40 mg/dl , especially when both the JASSO and WHO WC criteria were used. The ROC curve analysis showed moderately high diagnostic abilities of both BMI and WC for high TG and low HDLcholesterol values with the AUC range of 0.70 to 0.79 and that the appropriate BMI and WC cut-off values were 23 and 80 cm for both the men and women, respectively.In this population, both BMI and WC were related to high triglyceridemia and low HDL-cholesterolemia, and the appropriate cut-off values for both of these conditions were BMI of 23 and WC of 80 cm for both the men and women. [論 文]
Background The collection of weighed food records (WFR) is a gold standard for dietary assessment. We propose using the 24-h recall method combined with a portable camera and a food atlas (24hR-camera). This combination overcomes the disadvantages of the 24-h dietary recall method. Our study examined the validity of the 24hR-camera method against WFR by comparing the results. Methods Study subjects were 30 Japanese males, aged 31–58 years, who rarely cook and reside in the Tokyo metropolitan area. For validation, we compared the estimated food intake (24hR-camera method) and weighed food intake (WFR method). The 24hR-camera method uses digital photographs of all food consumed during a day, taken by the subjects, and a 24-h recall questionnaire conducted by a registered dietitian, who estimates food intake by comparing the participant’s photographs with food atlas photographs. The WFR method involves a registered dietitian weighing each food item prepared for the subject to consume and any leftovers. Food intake was calculated for each food group and nutrient using the 24hR-camera vs. weighed methods. Results Correlation coefficients between the estimated vs. weighed food intake were 0.7 or higher in most food groups but were low in food groups, such as oils, fats, condiments, and spices. The estimated intake of vegetables was significantly lower for the 24hR-camera method compared to the WFR method. For other food groups, the percentages of the mean difference between estimated vs. weighed food intake were -22.1% to 5.5%, with no significant differences between the methods (except for algae, which had a very low estimated intake). The correlation coefficients between the two methods were 0.774 for energy, and 0.855, 0.769, and 0.763 for the macronutrients, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, respectively, demonstrating high correlation coefficients: greater than 0.75. The correlation coefficients between the estimated vs. weighed for salt equivalents and potassium intake were 0.583 and 0.560, respectively, but no significant differences in intake were observed. Conclusions The 24hR-camera method satisfactorily estimated the intake of energy and macronutrients (except salt equivalents and potassium) in Japanese males and was confirmed as a useful method for dietary assessment.
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