Ninety advanced Catla catla fingerlings (av. wt. 16 g) were randomly distributed in six treatment groups with three replicates each for an experimental period of 60 days to study the effect of dietary lipid source on growth, enzyme activities and immuno-hematological parameters. Six isoprotein (40.0-41.9%) and isocaloric (4,260 kcal kg -1 ) semi-purified diets were prepared with varying levels of soybean oil (SBO) and cod liver oil (CLO) within a total of 8% lipid viz., D 1 (Control), D 2 (8% SBO), D 3 (6% SBO and 2% CLO), D 4 (4% SBO and 4% CLO), D 5 (2% SBO and 6% CLO) and D 6 (8% CLO). Highest SGR was noted in D 5 (0.73±0.03) group, which was similar with D 3 (0.71±0.02) and D 4 (0.69±0.01) groups. Activity of intestinal lipase, hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) of the lipid treatment groups were significantly higher (p<0.05) than the control group. The respiratory burst activity of the phagocytes (Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT)) was highest in D 2 (1.95±0.21) followed by D 3 (1.19±0.15) group, which were significantly (p<0.05) higher than the other groups. Globulin level was significantly higher in D 3 (1.29±0.08) than in the other groups expect D 4. Hemoglobin content and total erythrocyte count did not show any significant difference. From this study, it is concluded that a diet containing 6% soybean oil and 2% cod liver oil (D 3 ) yields higher growth and immune response in Catla catla fingerlings and would be cost effective.

No abstract

No abstract

Tillage enhances soil physical condition which favors root growth and crop productivity. Though, continuous rotary tillage at same depth leads to the formation of plough pan which slowdown crop productivity. Some serious speculations have been made about rotary tillage that in long run it induces subsoil compaction. This study was conducted at farmers’ field in Malhendi , Shamli (UP) to investigate the effect of prolonged use of rototilling with special attention to subsoil compaction. The experimental sites were under rotary tillage (RT) under wheat for last 15 years under rice-wheat cropping system which compared with conventional tillage (CT-cultivator harrow). The crop growth and yield was reduced under RT due high mechanical impedance and BD in deeper layer as compared to CT. In upper soil strata (5-15 cm) the cone index of RT (505kPa-2057kPa) soils are lesser than that of CT (625-2257kPa) while in subsoil layer (45cm) it becomes severe under RT(4578 kPa) compared to CT (2468 kPa). Similar trend found in bulk density under both tillage treatments. The bulk densities observed before tillage at 0-15cm, 15-30 and 30-45cm depth were 1.50 Mg/m3 and 1.56 Mg/m3,1.37 Mg/m3 for CT 1.42 Mg/m3 1.67 Mg/m3 and 1.81 Mg/m3 for RT respectively. The grain yields were (5909 kg/ha) and (4594 kg/ha) under CT and RT tillage system respectively. The CT system well performed in plant height, no of tillers and root growth characteristics, viz. root length density, root volume than that of RT. Performing studies shows that long-term RT induced subsoil compaction which needs some amelioration tillage management.