Background: Conventional glass ionomer cement (CGIC) has many beneficial properties, but it has poor physical and mechanical properties. Therefore, new glass ionomer cement (GIC) is manufactured by adding zinc to improve the mechanical properties of GIC ChemFil Rock. This material possesses better flexural tensile strength and compressive strength in comparison to conventional to CGIC. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare four properties of ZRGI like fracture toughness, surface micro-hardness, abrasive wear, and roughness to other GIC material, which are commercially available as: resin-coated glass ionomer (EQUIA FIL). Materials and Methods: The study was done in dual phase. In phase-1, micro-hardness surface roughness, abrasion of four GIC and a composite resin as control was analyzed and in phase-2, fracture toughness of four GIC was done at 24 h interval so that all cement achieve its peak strength. Results: Micro-hardness value of ChemFil Rock was lowest among different GIC groups. All four GIC group exhibit similar abrasion capacities, while composite were more wear-resistant significantly. Roughness change was highest on ChemFil Rock compared to other GIC. EQUIA FIL has the highest fracture toughness, followed by ChemFil Rock. Conclusion: We can conclude that incorporating zinc in the matrix of chemfil rock increases fracture toughness and good abrasive wear, but it does not improve micro-hardness or surface roughness.
Background:High levels of fluoride in the drinking water, especially ground water, results in skeletal fluorosis which involves the bone and major joints. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of skeletal fluorosis to compare with dental fluorosis in an endemically fluorosed population in the District of Salem, Tamil Nadu.Materials and Methods:Institutional ethical clearance was obtained. A total of 206 patients who reported to the Department of Hematology for blood investigations were the participants in this study. Age, sex, place, weight, height, dental fluorosis, and skeletal complaints were noted down. Body mass index was calculated, and statistical analysis was performed.Results:Dental fluorosis was present in 63.1% and absent in 36.9% of the samples reported. Skeletal fluorosis was present in 24.8% and was absent in 75.2%. A large number of the patients had knee pain and difficulty in bending. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Skeletal fluorosis and age were compared and P value was 0.00 and was significant. Dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis were compared and P value was found to be 0.000 and significant.Discussion and Conclusion:There is a need to take measures to prevent dental and skeletal fluorosis among the residents of Salem district. Calcium balance should be maintained, and fluoride intake should be minimized to reduce the symptoms. The government should provide water with low fluoride level for drinking and cooking. Once the symptoms develop, treatment largely remains symptomatic, using analgesics and physiotherapy.
Background: Despite significant advances in treatment and survival rates in pediatric acute leukemias, relapse remains a common reason for treatment failure. Survival following relapse is dismal for most patients. Clofarabine, a purine nucleoside analog, has recently been approved for use in relapsed and refractory pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Clofarabine and cytarabine together may be synergistic and have been used safely in adult leukemia patients. Case Report: We describe the administration of this combination to a 9-year-old boy with multiple relapsed T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia who failed to achieve remission after the third attempt. He achieved complete morphologic and cytogenetic remission with 1 cycle of this combination. Conclusion: This case is the first report of successful remission induction in a multiple relapsed pediatric leukemia patient using the clofarabine and cytarabine combination. Although it is a single case, it highlights the need for further studies to assess safety and efficacy of this combination in pediatric patients.
Introduction: Tooth wear (attrition) is a multifactorial entity, the pathogenesis of which involves many factors but the role of malocclusion cannot be undermined. Overjet and overbite play an important role in defining occlusion, hence they should also play an important role in causing attrition. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the relationship of dental health status between the vertical and horizontal overlap. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 600 patients selected randomly from rural population which were divided into three equal groups as per the predefined criteria, namely, horizontal overlap, vertical overlap, and control group. All patients were examined for the tooth attrition. Results: In Group 1 – 73 patients out of 200 showed one or more teeth attrition, in Group 2 – 38 patients out of 200 showed one or more teeth attrition, and in the control group, 22 patients out of 200 showed one or more teeth attrition. Conclusion: It was concluded that both vertical and horizontal abnormal relationships of teeth play an important role in the etiology of attrition, with abnormal horizontal overlap being the more detrimental as compared to the vertical one.
Background: Graber introduced facial photographs as an internal diagnostic aid. Facial photographs could serve as an important alternative assessment tool in the absence of equipment for cephalometric analysis. Objectives: The present study was aimed at assessing whether analyzing the photographs could have precision for assessing the landmarks appropriate for facial analysis. In addition, the relationship between frontal cephalogram and measurements on photographs was assessed. Materials and Methods: Twenty individuals including both males and females within the age range of 18 years to 28 years were enrolled in the study. Frontal facial photographs, as well as frontal cephalograms, were obtained for all the included study participants. Various soft-tissue vertical and horizontal landmarks were marked on both radiographs and photographs. The data were collected and subjected to statistical analysis. Results: The results showed a statistically insignificant difference between all the vertical and horizontal parameters on photographs and cephalograms. The reliability of the digital photographs was comparable to that of the cephalograms with nonsignificant differences in the recorded mean values using the one-way ANOVA test where the statistical significance level was kept at P ≤ 0.05. Conclusion: The present study concluded that photography is a cost-effective and reliable method for soft-tissue landmark identification, and allows recording the images of sufficient quantity for analysis. Low-cost and easily captured photographic images can replace costly radiographic procedures without causing any discomfort to the patients.
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