Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of plateletrich fibrin (PRF) in the management of alveolar osteitis and further compare the results with those of zinc-oxide Eugenol (ZOE). Materials and methods: A total of 40 patients with alveolar osteitis following extraction of mandibular molars were randomly divided into two groups on the basis of treatment, in which Group A patient's received PRF and Group B received ZOE as an obtundant dressing. Pain (VAS), degree of inflammation and number of exposed socket walls were noted and evaluated at 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th post-operative day. Results: Group A showed better and faster socket healing than Group B. However, symptomatic pain relief was faster in Group B than in Group A. Conclusion: PRF might be a treatment of choice in the management of alveolar osteitis. Clinical relevanceScientific rationale for study PRF is a healing bio-material. The rationale for using PRF in our study was based on previous studies, which showed the potential of PRF in the process of bone and soft tissue healing. Principal findingsIn our study, we found that PRF was better and faster than standard ZOE dressing in terms of reduction of inflammation and socket healing and equally effective as ZOE dressing in terms of pain control, in case of alveolar osteitis. Practical implicationsPRF has a simple and inexpensive processing, without biochemical blood handling. There is virtually no risk of allergic reactions. So, PRF might be a good alternative to ZOE in the management of alveolar osteitis.

Introduction The surgical removal of impacted third molars involves, trauma to soft and bony tissue and can result in considerable pain, swelling, and trismus. The greater the amount of tissue injury the greater is the amount of inflammation in the perisurgical region. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is both a pro inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine. It is secreted by T cells and macrophages to stimulate the immune response. IL-6 is also an early marker of tissue damage. In addition to NSAIDs, corticosteroids, opioids also have immunomodulatory effects. Aim To evaluate the changes in serum IL-6 levels following surgical removal of third molars under local anaesthesia after administration of two NSAIDs diclofenac and ketorolac and opioid tramadol post operatively. Methods Patients undergoing surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molar teeth were randomly assigned to three groups. Each group received one of the three analgesics viz diclofenac 50 mg, ketorolac 10 mg and tramadol 50 mg. The mean levels of IL-6 was then estimated by ELISA.Results The results of our study showed that all three drugs i.e. diclofenac, ketorolac and tramadol have properties which can downregulate the production of IL-6 in response to surgical trauma. Conclusion It is of clinical significance that the suppression of IL-6 values occurs in tramadol group closely following the diclofenac group. Even though the drug ketorolac suppresses the IL-6 levels similar to diclofenac initially but after 7 days tramadol and ketorolac showed similarities in suppression of IL-6 expression which is less compared to diclofenac group.

Aim:To access the efficacy of decalcified freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) in the regeneration of bone following small osseous defect in minor oral surgery.Objectives:To evaluate the ability of DFDBA to enhance the rate of wound healing and assess radiographic bone density, pain, and infection preoperatively and postoperatively.Materials and Methods:Twenty patients with cysts were assessed. Ten patients were filled with DFDBA (Group 1) and ten without bone graft (Group 2), respectively. Radiographic bone density was assessed on preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative radiographs on 1st day, 3rd month, and at 6th month using Adobe Photoshop CS6 - Grayscale histogram.Results:Bone density in Group 1 was found to be significantly higher than in Group 2 on 3rd and 6th month postoperatively with a P = 0.024 and P = 0.016 which was statistically significant. The percentage increase in bone density between both the group was determined and yielded no difference over a period of time, but the difference in percentage increase was markedly higher in Group 1 compared to Group 2 at all the time intervals.Conclusion:Bone formed as depicted by bone density is significantly higher when DFDBA is used in small bony defects.

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Aim: To evaluate the effect of different percentage elongations on the ultimate tensile strength of 24 and 26 gauge stainless steel wires. Materials and Methods: 5 sets of wires were taken from a single spool of 26 gauge and 24 gauge obtained from a single manufacturer. They were pre-stretched to different percentages of 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10% and 12.5%. The wires were cut to a standard length of 20 cm each and were subjected to tensile stretching forces at a uniform rate of 20mm/minute in Universal Testing Machine (UTM). The ultimate load was evaluated in each of the wires. Results: The mean ultimate load for 24 gauge wire was noted to be the highest (62.84± 0.38) in 10% elongation and the least (57.44± 0.32) in 12.5%. Whereas in 26 gauge, mean ultimate load was noted to be highest (62.64 ± 0.16) in 5 % elongation and least (58.39 ± 0.26) in 10% elongation. Conclusion: We can do pre-stretching of 24 gauge wire upto 10 % for maximum ultimate strength and for 26 gauge upto 5% for maximum ultimate strength.