No abstract

Central obesity, triglyceride level, and MS are risk factors for colorectal adenoma including advanced adenoma and multiplicity.

BackgroundAtrial fibrillation is associated with higher mortality. Identification of causes of death and contemporary risk factors for all‐cause mortality may guide interventions.Methods and ResultsIn the Rivaroxaban Once Daily Oral Direct Factor Xa Inhibition Compared with Vitamin K Antagonism for Prevention of Stroke and Embolism Trial in Atrial Fibrillation (ROCKET AF) study, patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation were randomized to rivaroxaban or dose‐adjusted warfarin. Cox proportional hazards regression with backward elimination identified factors at randomization that were independently associated with all‐cause mortality in the 14 171 participants in the intention‐to‐treat population. The median age was 73 years, and the mean CHADS 2 score was 3.5. Over 1.9 years of median follow‐up, 1214 (8.6%) patients died. Kaplan–Meier mortality rates were 4.2% at 1 year and 8.9% at 2 years. The majority of classified deaths (1081) were cardiovascular (72%), whereas only 6% were nonhemorrhagic stroke or systemic embolism. No significant difference in all‐cause mortality was observed between the rivaroxaban and warfarin arms (P=0.15). Heart failure (hazard ratio 1.51, 95% CI 1.33–1.70, P<0.0001) and age ≥75 years (hazard ratio 1.69, 95% CI 1.51–1.90, P<0.0001) were associated with higher all‐cause mortality. Multiple additional characteristics were independently associated with higher mortality, with decreasing creatinine clearance, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, male sex, peripheral vascular disease, and diabetes being among the most strongly associated (model C‐index 0.677).ConclusionsIn a large population of patients anticoagulated for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, ≈7 in 10 deaths were cardiovascular, whereas <1 in 10 deaths were caused by nonhemorrhagic stroke or systemic embolism. Optimal prevention and treatment of heart failure, renal impairment, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and diabetes may improve survival.Clinical Trial Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/. Unique identifier: NCT00403767.

No abstract

In a healthy screening population, H. pylori infection had a strong negative association with reflux esophagitis, but H. pylori eradication increased the prevalence of erosive esophagitis to the level of H. pylori-negative individuals. Long-term clinical significance of newly developed erosive esophagitis after H. pylori eradication should be evaluated prospectively.

Current infection with H. pylori had a positive association with high LDL, low HDL, and cardiovascular disease. Successful H. pylori eradication decreased the risk of high LDL and low HDL, but did not reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Background/AimsAlthough several studies have suggested overlaps between gastroesophageal reflux symptom and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), the studies for the association between erosive esophagitis and IBS are rare. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association among IBS, non-erosive reflux disease (NERD), and erosive esophagitis.MethodsA total of 2,769 participants completed questionnaires and underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy. IBS was diagnosed by Rome III; NERD was defined as heartburn or acid regurgitation occurring at least once per week without erosive esophagitis. Erosive esophagitis was defined by Los Angeles classification. Psychological distress was evaluated with modified 4 dimensions from revised Hopkins symptom checklist 90.ResultsPsychological distress was associated with both IBS and NERD, but not with erosive esophagitis. IBS was associated with somatization (adjusted OR, 2.88; 95% CI, 1.55-5.36; P < 0.001), anxiety (adjusted OR, 2.82; 95% CI, 1.36-5.88; P = 0.005), and hostility (adjusted OR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.10-3.87; P = 0.024) and NERD was associated with somatization (adjusted OR, 5.65; 95% CI, 2.92-10.98; P < 0.001) and anxiety (adjusted OR, 3.29; 95% CI, 1.47-7.34; P = 0.004). Erosive esophagitis was associated with somatization (adjusted OR, 2.69; 95% CI, 1.26-7.91; P < 0.001). Hiatal hernia and male sex were related with erosive esophagitis but not with IBS or NERD. H. pylori had an inverse relationship with erosive esophagitis, but had no association with IBS. Whereas IBS was positively associated with NERD (adjusted OR, 2.72; 95% CI, 1.84-4.03; P < 0.001), it had no association with erosive esophagitis.ConclusionsIBS shared many risk factors with NERD but not with erosive esophagitis. It partially explains why IBS was associated with NERD, but not with erosive esophagitis.

Helicobacter pylori infection is an independent risk factor for colonic adenomas, especially in cases of advanced or multiple adenomas, but not for rectal adenomas.