<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> COVID-19 has led to the global pandemic which started in Wuhan, in China. It is highly contagious and the presenting symptoms may not alarm the patient or the doctor and can be confused with allergies and other simple viral respiratory tract infections in mild cases. Aim of this study was to evaluate the various presentations of COVID-19 patients in department of otorhinolaryngology.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This study was done during pandemic, from March 2020 to May 2020 for a period of 3 months in government medical college Srinagar. If the patient had any significant travel or contact with the known or suspected COVID-19 positive patient and the various ENT symptoms with which COVID positive patients presented, to the department were evaluated. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Majority of patients were males between the age group of 21 to 40 years. The most common symptoms encountered was cough and fever followed by sore throat and rhinitis. One patient also presented with subacute thyroiditis and two others as neck abscess. Two patients presented with sudden sensorineural hearing loss.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Patients in the department can present with mild respiratory tract infection or also with some peculiar symptoms of subacute thyroiditis or abcess. So, careful history is the key to recognize these patients. And it is highly recommended that doctors during addressing the patients should be in proper protective kits to avoid contracting the disease.</p>
<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Epistaxis can be classified into anterior and posterior epistaxis. All bleeding occurs as a result of disruption of the intact nasal mucosa, whether due to trauma, inflammation, or neoplasm. Management depends on the severity of the bleeding and its underlying cause.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This study was done in department of otorhinolaryngology in a tertiary care centre from September 2018 to December 2020. A total of 143 patients were studies. All patients admitted in our department as a case of epistaxis were analysed for the risk factors present in them which could be the cause of epistaxis.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In our study it was seen the risk factor involved in majority of patients was hypertension (70%), followed closely by diabetis mellitis and deranged coagulogram (65%). Chronic kidney disease was an associated risk factor in 64% of patients. All these factors cause microangiopathies which in turn lead to bleeding.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The current study can be taken as indirect evidence that while raised blood pressure is seen in patients with severe epistaxis but in general the diseases associated with microangiopathies.</p>
<p><strong>Background: </strong>Post-operative hypocalcaemia is one of the most common complications of thyroid and parathyroid surgery. Temporary hypocalcaemia has been reported to occur in 1.6-50% of the patients undergoing bilateral thyroid resection. Permanent hypoparathyroidism results in 0-13% of patients after bilateral thyroid surgery.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We have analyzed the data of 34 patients undergoing total thyroid surgery (with or without neck dissection) and completion thyroidectomy at the department of ENT and HNS, SMHS hospital over a period of 1.5 years between May 2019 to November 2020.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Hypocalcemia was found in a total of 15 patients out of 34 patients in the post-op period. Among the total patients who developed hypocalcemia 5 (14.7%) were males and 10 (29.4%) were females. Among the patients who developed post-op hypocalcemia 14 patients developed transient hypocalcemia (p>0.01) which is not statistically significant and 1 patient developed permanent hypocalcemia (p>0.01) which also has no statistical significance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study suggests that female gender is a strong risk factor for developing post-operative hypocalcemia, other factors that play a role include difference in serum calcium levels in the perioperative period and type of surgery.</p>
<p class="abstract">In our day to day otolaryngological practice we encounter many cases, some of which are very rare and worth reporting. We report very rare three cases seen during our practice: presence of tooth in anterior ethamoids causing chronic sinusitis, and NK/T Cell lymphoma (nasal variant) and An accessory submandibular gland. There have been few case reports which mentions about the presence of tooth in maxillary sinus leading to sinusitis but none mentions of presence of the tooth in anterior ethamoids leading to sinusitis. Extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal variant is a rare and aggressive type of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma that develops outside the lymphatic system especially in the nose. Accessory submandibular gland is extremely rare. This is the fifth case reported so far worldwide.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
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