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Non Steroidal anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are most commonly prescribed drugs constituting more than 20% of all drug prescriptions. Prescription pattern study of NSAID was conducted in Medicine OPD of a rural teaching hospital with the objective of analyzing prescribing trend of NSAIDs, to evaluate co-prescription of Gastro-protective agents (GPAs) with NSAIDs and to determine number of prescribed NSAIDs falling within Drug utilization (DU) 90% segment. Overall 200 NSAID prescriptions were analysed. Prevalence of NSAID prescription was 25.71%. Paracetamol (36%) was the commonest drug prescribed. In general non-selective NSAIDs were more commonly prescribed (79.5%) and selective COX-2 inhibitors were least prescribed (1%). High prevalence of nimesulide prescription (19.5%) was a significant finding. Co-prescription of GPAs was high (61%). Four drugs (paracetamol, diclofenac, nimesulide and aceclofenac) fall within DU90% segment. In general prescription pattern requires further rationalization of NSAID usage as more number of drugs constitutes DU90% segment.

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Background: Immunization is the process whereby a person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease, typically by the administration of a vaccine. Vaccines stimulate the body's own immune system to protect the person against subsequent infection or disease. Immunization is a proven tool for controlling and eliminating life-threatening infectious diseases and is estimated to avert between 2 and 3 million deaths each year. So it is essential to have 100% immunization coverage and to improve the knowledge of parents about vaccines and immunization. Methodology: Across-sectional study was conducted in the Ayanuru rural field practice area of SIMS, Shimoga, during the months of March 2016 for one month. Children within the age group 12-36months were included as the study subjects. 30 Cluster sampling was used. Sample size was 240 (8 clusters*30). Evaluation form given in the Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) was used as the questionnaire. Data was analyzed with the help of XL spread sheet and results are presented in proportions and percentages. Results: Among the 240 informants/guardians, all were mothers of participated children. Around 43.3% of the informant's had studied till High school and around 10% were illiterate. Among the participants 41% were belonged to the class-IV socio-economic status. Vaccination coverage was at acceptable level for all the primary vaccines. Over all 98% of the children were fully immunized. It has been observed that 100% of coverage has been achieved for all the live vaccines (BCG, OPV, Measles) at all sub-centers of our field practice area. But in case of killed vaccine (pentavalent) coverage was less i.e. 92%. Only 23% of informants had knowledge about the BCG vaccination. When asked for the schedule of immunization, only 37.5% of the people could correctly recall. Only 20.5% of study population (parents/guardian) had knowledge about pentavalent and OPV vaccines; while half (48.5%) of the people had better awareness about measles vaccine. Conclusions: Overall, coverage of immunisation (98%) was at appreciation level in the study area. Good coverage has been established for BCG, OPV and measles. Pentavalent vaccine, the commonest vaccine missed due to lack of awareness about the disease. Even though the coverage is better awareness regarding disease covered under Universal Immunisation programme and their vaccines is very poor in the study area, which needs to be addressed soon. Coverage of pentavalent vaccine can be improved by effective community mobilization by ASHAs (Accredited Social Health activist) and using mobile phone based SMS reminders of due dates.

In the present research, an experimental and numerical study on the crush response of square tube is presented. The explicit Finite Element Analysis (FEA) in LS-DYNA software is carried out to simulate crash behaviour under the quasi-static test conditions. Compression load is applied quasi-statically in an experimental study on the square tube specimens using Universal Testing Machine (UTM). In quasi-static test the bottom platen speed used is 1 mm/min. From experimental testing symmetric collapse mode is observed in all deformed specimens. The development of the symmetric collapse mode in a Finite Element (FE) model is also observed. Thus fold formation and crush response predicted by FE analysis are observed to be in very good correlation with the results obtained from experimental testing. Furthermore, the effect of the thickness of tube on crashworthiness parameters is investigated. From the FE analysis, it is found that the thickness of the square tube influences significantly the crashworthiness parameters.

To evaluate lecture as a large group teaching method from student's perspective. METHODS: The present study was undertaken in the department of Microbiology, KIMS, Amalapuram. A total of 60 Second year MBBS students were taken as study subjects. A questionnaire was designed and students were asked to fill it and also give suggestions as a part of feedback about the lectures conducted in the department of Microbiology. RESULTS: A total of 83.4% students find Chalkboard method + Power point presentation as the best way of delivering a lecture. Nearly 56.6% students opined that ideal duration for class should be 40-50 minutes. Long duration of lecture was a major disadvantage according to 66.6% students. 90% students feel that some time period of lecture should be reserved for interactive session. Majority of students also preferred class on elearning. 70% students feel that tutorials or seminars are needed along with theory class for better understanding of the subject. CONCLUSION: Lectures should be efficiently delivered by the instructor giving a conceptual understanding of the subject instead of mere reading the content. Lecture should be supplemented with tutorials and group discussion to improve learning. Duration of class should be restricted to 40-50 minutes as traditional long duration class makes it difficult to hold the attention of the students for an entire class period. Brief interaction with students will promote active learning. Elearning should be encouraged.