| The knowledge of the reproductive physiology of estrus cycle is important for animal management and in order to determine the reproductive and productive potential of animals. The stage of the estrus cycle was predicted through the morphologic, endocrine and secretary changes occurring in the ovaries and the tubular genitalia during the estrous cycle, which had been associated with levels of steroid sex hormones. Vaginal cytology is a simple technique that can be used by practitioners to characterize stages of the reproductive cycle, disease conditions of genital tract and is a useful tool in determining optimum mating time (standing heat) in bitches. Many researchers studied the variations that occur in the vaginal mucosa at different phases of estrus cycle in bitch, sheep, goats, swine, cow etc. by using vaginal smears. The vaginal epithelial cells are classified into three cell types according to the differences in their sizes as a superficial squamous cells ( ferent progesterone and estrogen ratio and can be assessed through vaginal cytology. Moreover, when any inflammatory condition affects then genital tract undergoes characteristic change in vaginal cytology.
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