Dictyophora indusiata (Vent. ex Pers.) Fish Phallaceae (Chinese name Zhu-Sūn, the bamboo fungi) has been used as a medicinal mushroom to treat many inflammatory, gastric and neural diseases since 618 AD in China. We hypothesize that the soluble polysaccharides (SP) present in D. indusiata and their monosaccharide profiles can act as an important role affecting the antioxidative capability, which in turn would influence the biological activity involving anti-inflammatory, immune enhancing and anticancer. We obtained six SP fractions and designated them as D1, a galactoglucan; D2, a galactan; D3, the isoelectrically precipitated riboglucan from 2% NaOH; D4, a myoinositol; D5 and D6, the mannogalactans. The total SP accounted for 37.44% w/w, their molecular weight (MW) ranged within 801–4656 kDa. D3, having the smallest MW 801 kDa, exhibited the most potent scavenging effect against the α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl, •OH−, and •O2
−
radicals, yielding IC50 values 0.11, 1.02 and 0.64 mg mL−1, respectively. Thus we have confirmed our hypothesis that the bioactivity of D. indusiata is related in majority, if not entirely, to its soluble polysaccharide type regarding the MW and monosaccharide profiles.
Converting the second-order differential equation to a first-order equation by integrating it with respect to time once as the governing equation of motion for a structural system can be very promising in the pseudodynamic testing. This was originally found and developed by Chang.\ The application of this time-integration technique to the Newmark explicit method is implimented and investigated in this paper. The main advantages of using the integral form of Newmark explicit method instead of the commonly used Newmark explicit method in a pseudodynamic test are: a less-error propagation effect, a better capability in capturing the rapid changes of dynamic loading and in eliminating the adverse linearization errors. All these improvements have been verified by theoretical studies and experimental tests. Consequently, for a same time step this time-integration technique may result in less-error propagation and achieve more accurate test results than applying the original form of Newmark explicit method in a pseudodynamic test due to these significant improvements. Thus, the incorporation of this proposed time-integration technique into the direct integration method for pseudodynamic testings is strongly recommended.
Background
This paper is a follow‐up study continuing the COVISTRESS network previous research regarding health‐related determinants.
Objective
The aim was to identify the main consequences of COVID‐19 lockdown on
Body Mass
Index
and
Perceived Fragility
, related to
Physical Activity (PA),
for different categories of populations, worldwide.
Design
The study design included an online survey, during the first wave of COVID‐19 lockdown, across different world regions.
Setting and participants
The research was carried out on 10 121 participants from 67 countries. The recruitment of participants was achieved using snowball sampling techniques via social networks, with no exclusion criteria other than social media access.
Main outcome measures
Body Mass
Index
,
Physical Activity
,
Perceived Fragility and risk of getting infected
items were analysed. SPSS software, v20, was used. Significance was set at
P
< .05.
Results
Body Mass
Index
significantly increased during lockdown. For youth and young adults (18‐35 years),
PA
decreased by 31.25%, for adults (36‐65 years) by 26.05% and for the elderly (over 65 years) by 30.27%. There was a high level of
Perceived Fragility and risk of getting infected
for female participants and the elderly. Correlations between
BMI
,
Perceived Fragility
and
PA
were identified.
Discussion and Conclusions
The research results extend and confirm evidence that the elderly are more likely to be at risk, by experiencing weight gain, physical inactivity and enhanced Perceived Fragility. As a consequence, populations need to counteract the constraints imposed by the lockdown by being physically active.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.