BACKgRound:The aim of a study was to compare the central corneal thickness (CCT) and intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with pseudoexfoliation (PXF) and age-matched healthy individuals without PXF. MATeRiAl And MeThodS: This prospective comparative study was conducted at the Medical College Hospital in South India. The study was conducted on 100 patients who were divided into two groups. Patients with PXF were categorized as group 1 (50 patients) and healthy normal individuals without PXF as group 2 (50 patients). Visual acuity was recorded using Snellen's visual acuity chart. Anterior segment examination was done using a slit lamp. Central corneal thickness was measured using ultrasonic pachymetry. Intraocular pressure was measured using Goldmann applanation tonometer and corrected intraocular pressure (IOP) after pachymetry. ReSulTS:In group 1 mean age of patients was 64.76 ± 5.5 years. 18 (32%) were females, 32 (64%) were males. In group 2 mean age was 61.56 ± 5.1 years, with 29 (58%) males and 21 (42%) females. Central corneal thickness was significantly thinner in patients with PXF than in controls. The mean CCT in the PXF group was 536 ± 24 microns and the control group 561 ± 25 microns with a p-value of 0.03, which was statistically significant. Mean corrected IOP in the PXF group was 16.698 ± 6.70 mm Hg, and in the control group was 13.66 ± 2.14 mm Hg with p-value 0.00, which was statistically significant. ConCluSion:The study shows that corneas are thinner in patients with PXF as compared to controls. Hence CCT should be done in all the PXF patients, and the corrected IOP should be measured to prevent the false low estimation of IOP.
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Introduction:To analyze the Prevalence of advanced diabetic eye disease(ADED) among diabetic patients Methods:This was a prospective cross-sectional study in a tertiary care hospital. A total of 1650 patients with a history of type 2 diabetes who visited ophthalmology department were enrolled in study. History regarding socioeconomic status, literacy level, duration of diabetes, comorbidities, medications, HbA1c levels were analyzed. Visual acuity,Slit-lamp, fundus examination were done.Medical/surgical intervention was done to restore vision. Results: A total of 1650 patients with a history of type 2 diabetes were analyzed. Among them 327 patients had fundus changes of diabetic retinopathy, hence the prevalence of DR among diabetics was 19.81%. Out of 327 patients, 53 patients had advanced diabetic eye disease and the prevalence of ADED among Diabetics was 3.20%. The mean age of the patients was 50.91+/- 9.06years.There were 42 (79.24%)males and 11 (20.7%)females.24 (45.28%)patients had vision of 6/6 - 6/60, 28 (52.83%|) patients had vision 5/60-CFCF.15(28.30%) patients had PDR with vitreous hemorrhage.12 patients (22.64%) had PDR with subhyaloid hemorrhage,11 patients (20.75%) had PDR with FVP sparing macula,13 patients(24.52%) had PDR with FVP involving the macula,2 patients(3.77 %) had PDR with Neovascular glaucoma.34 patients (64.15%) underwent PRP,19 patients (35.84 %) needed surgical intervention. Conclusion: This study shows that the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy among diabetic patients was 19.81%. The prevalence of Advanced Diabetic Eye Disease among diabetic patients was 3.2%. Hence Effective implementation of primary, secondary and tertiary prevention strategies has the potential to significantly reduce blindness due to DR.
Introduction: Autoimmune disorders are often associated with Uveitis. Anti-Phospholipid syndrome(APS) is characterized by increased hypercoagulability and divergent ocular features. Case Presentation: A 45-year-old male patient presented with complaints of headache for 2 days. The patient gives a history of fever and loss of consciousness 20 days back and was treated symptomatically. On examination Visual acuity was 6/6 in the right eye and 6/12 in the left eye. On slit-lamp examination, the anterior segment was normal, vitreous cells were 2+ suggestive of vitritis in the left eye. Dilated fundus examination showed exudates in both eyes with macular parafoveal edema in the left eye. Laboratory investigations showed Antiphospholipid Antibody Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and Beta 2 glycoprotein IgM positive and raised ESR, PTT, and triglycerides. MRI brain showed acute embolic infarcts in multiple areas. Management: Topical Steroids and cycloplegic for uveitis and systemic steroids and anticoagulants for systemic manifestations were given and the patient's vision improved to 6/6 and macular edema reduced in the left eye during the follow-up. Conclusion: APS is a life and vision-threatening multisystem disorder, needs monitoring for INR and Anti phospholipid antibodies. A rare manifestation of uveitis is noted and prompt treatment with topical, oral steroids resolves the uveitis. But to prevent recurrences and further thrombotic events long-term immunosuppression, anticoagulation treatment is required.
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