The influence of a type of crop rotation, the predecessor and various doses of mineral fertilizers on the yield of winter wheat was examined. The studies were conducted at the North Kuban Agricultural Experimental Station in two 10-field rotations – grain tillage and grain-grass tillage – in the course of a prolonged stationary experiment. The soil was ordinary chernozem, low in humus, deep, with the humus content in the arable (0-30 cm) soil layer equaling to 3.95-4.00% depending on the nutrient status, the content of mineral nitrogen equaling to 5.9-8.3 mg/kg of soil, and the content of exchangeable potassium equaling to 330-360 mg/kg of soil.It has been established that from the point of view of bioenergetic and economic efficiency, the most favorable predecessors for cultivation of winter wheat should be considered sainfoin and winter wheat, and for the rotation of sainfoin – peas. Maize harvested for grain and sugar beet are more time-consuming and energy-consuming tillage predecessors. Among the applied fertilizer systems, the best economic and bioenergetic indicators were obtained by using medium and higher doses of complete mineral fertilizer.
The influence of fertilizers and plant protection products for the mycotoxins, pesticides and heavy metals accumulation in the grain of winter wheat variety Antonina grown at the experimental station of the Kuban University was investigated. In the resulted grain there were no traces of the fungicide “Фалькон”, insecticide “Эйфория “ and herbicide “Секатор турбо” used in the cultivation. The content of T-2 toxin is almost at the level of MPC 0.1 mg / kg in all variants of the experiment that indicates the fungal infection invading from the soil. The content of Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Co, Ni, Cr in grain did not exceed MAC for adult nutrition.
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