The influence of a type of crop rotation, the predecessor and various doses of mineral fertilizers on the yield of winter wheat was examined. The studies were conducted at the North Kuban Agricultural Experimental Station in two 10-field rotations – grain tillage and grain-grass tillage – in the course of a prolonged stationary experiment. The soil was ordinary chernozem, low in humus, deep, with the humus content in the arable (0-30 cm) soil layer equaling to 3.95-4.00% depending on the nutrient status, the content of mineral nitrogen equaling to 5.9-8.3 mg/kg of soil, and the content of exchangeable potassium equaling to 330-360 mg/kg of soil.It has been established that from the point of view of bioenergetic and economic efficiency, the most favorable predecessors for cultivation of winter wheat should be considered sainfoin and winter wheat, and for the rotation of sainfoin – peas. Maize harvested for grain and sugar beet are more time-consuming and energy-consuming tillage predecessors. Among the applied fertilizer systems, the best economic and bioenergetic indicators were obtained by using medium and higher doses of complete mineral fertilizer.
Sunflower is one of the most profitable crops in Russia. Research was carried out in a multivariate experiment in two 10-course crop rotations with long stationary monitoring. The influence of the crop rotation type and fertilizer doses on sunflower yield and its economic efficiency were studied. The soil is heavy black soil with low humus content arable in layer – 3.90–4.05 %. It was found that it is appropriate and cost-effectively to introduce N20P30 under a sunflower, and with sufficient provision of soil mobile phosphates it is possible to apply some nitrogen fertilizer at 40 kg per ha.
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