Ventilation systems consume more and more energy because of the often complex treatment of the air supplied to closed spaces. Looking for sources of energy allow for significant savings costs, which often translate into renewable energy sources. One of the more popular solutions is to use energy from the ground by various methods. Known and relatively common solutions are based on ground heat exchanger and ground collector cooperating with a heat pump. The paper presents the possibility of cooperation ventilation system with ground air heat exchanger and heat pump both in summer and winter period. A number solutions of this type of system, supported by calculation examples and moist air transformation in the Moliere chart have been presented. Support ventilation system with renewable energy sources allows significant savings in operating as shown in the article.
Environmental protection, and in particular air protection against pollution, is an extremely important element of the global policy of many countries. The problem of air pollution is particularly important in Poland, where the heating market is one of the largest in Europe and is based in 74% on the use of fossil fuels, in particular hard coal. One of the technological solutions for the implementation of cleaner fuels is the co-combustion of coal and biomass. This process enables the reduction of harmful pollutants such as CO2, SO2, and can be implemented in existing boilers. Heating boilers achieve the highest design efficiency during optimal load at the level of 85–95% of nominal power. Under such conditions, heat production is most efficient. During operation, boilers are often started, extinguished or run below rated output, resulting in increased emissions. This publication presents the results of measurements of efficiency and concentrations of pollutants in the WR water boiler during operation below the technical minimum. Hard coal was cofired in the boiler with biomass of wood origin. It was noted that the amount of biomass had a significant impact on the boiler efficiency and pollutant emission. Based on the research, it was also noted that it was possible to make a qualitative prediction of these parameters. The obtained results are an introduction to a deeper analysis and further research on the correlation between the amount of biomass and boiler power and the efficiency and concentration of pollutants.
Optimisation of the parameters of a pump chamber for solid-state lasers with diode pumping by the optical boiler method V V Kiyko, V I Kislov, E N Ofitserov et al. Abstract. The result of the deteriorating condition of the environment and climate change is to increase the efficient use of fuel and energy and the rational use of energy resources. Great potential for reducing consumption of fossil fuels are stuck in heating systems ranging from generation, transmission and distribution and ending with the recipients rationalize their consumption of heat. Efficient production of heat is obtained during optimal boiler load. The boiler type WR operates with the highest efficiency of 80-85%, the rate of fuel consumption is the lowest, and the process is close to complete combustion. In such conditions to the atmosphere are emitted mainly: SO 2 , CO 2 and NO X . Pollutants such as CO, CH 4 , HF, HCl, NH 3 , etc., are the result of incomplete and imperfect combustion, that is, when the boiler is working inefficiently [1][2][3]. Measurements of pollutant concentrations were performed using an analyzer FTIR Gasmet DX4000. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy is a technique of measuring that allows a very precise identification of qualitative and quantitative range of compounds, including gaseous pollutants. Device used to measure the concentrations of gaseous pollutants allow determining the amount of carbon, sulphur and nitrogen compounds, which measurement is not defined any rules, including chlorine compounds, hydrogen, methane, ammonia and volatile organic compounds. In this publication presents part of the literature the use of heat for domestic hot water production in summer and heating demand in winter. Described the characteristics of the water boilers WR type used for heating. Presents the results study of the emissions in the production of hot water for the summer and winter seasons.
Renewable energy sources such as solar, wind and hydroelectric power plants are an inexhaustible and clean source of electricity and heat. The development of civilization, resulting in a constant increase in the demand for electricity and the prospect of fossil fuels depletion, including coal and oil, forces us to seek new sources of energy and invest in the renewable energy sources. The development of technology and the policy of the European Union have a positive impact on the development of renewable energy sources and the increase in the installed capacity. One of the ways of obtaining electricity from renewable sources is through the photovoltaic cells. Computer software is becoming helpful in designing the photovoltaic installations. Simulations enable conducting the economic analysis and selection of the best possible installation parameters. This enables the best use of the available conditions to obtain the largest production of electricity. The article presents a project of a photovoltaic installation for a single-family building using the BlueSol Design software.
Gas dedusting involves the removal of aerosol particles from them. The gas dedusting process is carried out in devices called dust collectors. The use of a specific dust removal process depends on the characteristics of the pollutant emission source and the required degree of gas dedusting. The dust removal process is a complex system of forces acting in the dust collector to remove dust particles from the gas and to deposit them on the collector surface. The centrifugal dust collectors use the mechanism of centrifugal forces by introducing an aerosol stream into rotational motion. These types of dust collectors are often used in industry due to the simple construction, the lack of moving parts, the ability to work in conditions of high temperature and high pressure, low manufacturing costs and easy operation. A cyclone with a tangential inlet is one of the types of centrifugal separators in which the gas flows tangentially to the cylindrical part, then spirals downwards where it changes direction to the opposite and leaves the cyclone with the central exhaust pipe. Cyclones are commonly used in Poland in small heating plants equipped with WR grate boilers where coal is burned. The most important factors affecting the efficiency of dust removal are the physicochemical properties of aerosol particles and their sizes. For example, a reduction in the particle size leads to a reduction in the efficiency of the forces emitting particles from the gas, and thus the efficiency of dust removal decreases. The geometric shape of the cyclone is relatively simple, but its structural dimensions have an effect on the gas movement and, as a result, the efficiency of dust removal. Increasing the efficiency of the cyclone is the subject of many studies. This publication presents information on cyclones with tangential inlet and the effect of their design parameters on the efficiency of dust removal. A total of 5 types of cyclones with tangential inlet were analyzed, including two high efficiency cyclones, two general use cyclones and one high performance cyclone. The analysis showed that the size of cyclone construction parameters affects the size of the particle’s limit diameter, the pressure drop and, as a result, the cyclone efficiency.
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