The objective of the paper is to diagnose organisational culture of selected universities and analyse its impact on the innovation processes within them. The subject matter of the study was organisational culture and innovation at universities. The subjects were four selected universities in Poland, Austria, Germany, and Ukraine. The paper provided a definition of organisational culture and its typology. It further discussed the organisational culture of universities and the relationships between organisational culture and innovativeness. The literature review provided foundations for building a model for the formation of a type of organisational culture at universities that is innovation-friendly, which is the added value of the paper. It offers actions worth taking to shape innovation-friendly culture at universities. It is particularly important during difficult time of changing labour market, when universities greatly impact the attitudes of young people. The knowledge of how to shape innovation-friendly organisational culture at universities is necessary for academia to profile future employees in times of continuous changes. To investigate the relationship between organisational culture and the innovativeness of universities, we designed an original survey questionnaire [S1 File]. Organisational culture was diagnosed with the Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument by K.S. Cameron and R.E. Quinn. The analyses were conducted in Dell Statistica v. 13.1 (StatSoft Polska). We normalised data from the Likert rating scale using Kaufman’s and Rousseeuw’s formula. We used Spearman’s correlation coefficient and Kendall’s W to calculate correlations. The research shows that the investigated Polish and Austrian universities are dominated by hierarchy and market cultures. On the other hand, the German and Ukrainian universities host all cultures, but clan and adhocracy dominate there. Moreover, the analyses demonstrated that although the adhocracy culture was the least visible in the investigated organisations, it contributes to university innovativeness the most. The conclusions were used to build a model for promoting innovation-friendly organisational culture at universities. The model contains answers to the research questions. In addition, it offers guidelines for shaping organisational culture to bolster innovation at universities. The research identified relationships between organisational culture and university innovativeness and components that create innovation opportunities at universities as its contribution to management theory. When applied in practice, the guidelines can help form the university’s organisational culture bottom-up.
Modern farms are seen as a source of social and economic benefits in the development of the local economy. When discussing the problem of fur breeding it should be emphasized that fur fur has both usefulness and commercial value. In the past their main advantage was protection from cold and unfavorable weather conditions. Over time, they became a currency, emphasized the signs of power, and pointed to a social position and a sign of elegance. The consequence of the exchange of markets for the economy is also interesting. It can be predicted that as a result of the presumed ban on agriculture in Poland, the difference will be fulfilled by countries such as Denmark, Germany, Russia and China. Ten years after Poland's accession to the European Union, enthusiasts are faced with serious difficulties if they continue to invest in fur production, as initial drafts of animal protection legislation are expected to phase out in the coming years.
Article presents the analysis of changes of the Polish Agricultural Social Insurance Fund in post-accession period. As a trend shows, during the after-accession period, the number of insurance people in the Agricultural Social Insurance Fund fell down (about 10% from 2005 to 2015). There could be also noted a similar downward trend of relation between the average monthly gross value of the pension from the agricultural social insurance fund and the average salary in the national economy. Article includes also results of regression analysis between average expenditure per person in households of pensioners and the average level of monthly retirement benefits.
Europe is a region with the highest density of robots in industry. The aim of the article is to analyse the dynamics of annual robots supplies in five selected European countries and to identify a connection between the supplies and changes in employment. The one-way analysis of variance used in the study allowed concluding that the average increase of industrial robots supplies in Germany, Italy, France, Spain as well as in Great Britain differed significantly in particular years and depended primarily on the economic situation. A positive correlation between the supplies and annual changes in employment was observed, which may result from the fact that the robots are substitutes for tasks performed in given professions but they do not replace them completely.
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