Cel pracyCelem artykułu jest weryfikacja hipotezy o związku niedoborów selenu z zaburzeniami depresyjnymi przy kontroli zmiennych ubocznych i zakłócających. Na podstawie danych empirycznych porównane zostanie znaczenie niedoborów selenu z innymi czynnikami ryzyka, przy czym nie tylko tymi związanymi z żywieniem.MetodaModel równań strukturalnych oszacowano przy zastosowaniu estymatora diagonalnie ważonych najmniejszych kwadratów ze skorygowaną statystyką testową chi-kwadrat (WLSMV). Obliczono wielkość dziennego spożycia selenu i innych składników odżywczych w celu oceny ich ew. związku z subiektywną oceną występowania zaburzeń depresyjnych. Oddziaływanie wzorów żywieniowych oszacowano przy uwzględnieniu w modelu: chorób chronicznych, problemów życiowych, poziomu bólu, aktywności fizycznej oraz dochodów. Analiza została przeprowadzona na próbie 9 354 mężczyzn i kobiet w wieku 45–65 z badania PONS.WynikiWedług zaproponowanego modelu istotne jest oddziaływanie na zaburzenia depresyjne niskiego spożycia selenu (standaryzowane oddziaływanie całkowite: 0,133), wysokiego spożycia lipidów (0,102) oraz niskiego spożycia żelaza (0,065). Innych czynników żywieniowych nie cechuje istotny statystycznie związek z występowaniem zaburzeń depresyjnych w modelu (p>0,05). Pośród pozostałych czynników ryzyka problemy w życiu prywatnym (0,181), ból (0,179) oraz niskie dochody (0,178) wykazują najsilniejszy związek z występowaniem depresji. Ból pośredniczy mniejszości całkowitego oddziaływania chorobowości na depresję (0,140). Zaburzenia depresyjne wykazują również związek z trudnościami w pracy zawodowej (0,123) oraz niską aktywnością fizycznej (0,024).WnioskiWielkość spożycia selenu wykazuje najsilniejszy związek z występowaniem depresji pośród analizowanych czynników żywieniowych. Znaczenie zmiennych żywieniowych jest zarazem umiarkowane w porównaniu do pozostałych czynników ryzyka uwzględnionych w modelu. Przewlekły ból, niskie dochody i chorobowość są najważniejszymi korelatami występowania zaburzeń depresyjnych.
Introduction and objective.With respect to the increasing numbers of deaths due to colorectal cancer in Poland, the aim of the study was to investigate socio-demographic characteristics which influence colorectal cancer screening acceptance and to assess spatial variation of colorectal cancer mortality. Materials and method. An age-period-cohort model was estimated to assess mortality trends in colorectal cancer in Poland. A geographical analysis was performed by spatial regression. Factors influencing participation in colorectal cancer screening were identified using structural equation modelling. Results. In 2014 in Poland, 6.4 thousand men and 5.0 thousand women died due to colorectal cancer. In total, by 2030 this number is expected to rise to nearly 14.4 thousand. Observed spatial clustering of age-adjusted colorectal cancer mortality is associated with spatial variation in tobacco use, employment in industry, and consumption of red meat. Patientphysician communication, advanced age, and healthy diet are the most important predictors of colorectal cancer screening acceptance. Tobacco and alcohol users are not more likely to participate in colorectal cancer screening, adjusting for other variables. Conclusions. Self-selection of patients who follow healthy diet means that individuals at higher risk of colorectal cancer are less likely to participate in colorectal cancer screening. Therefore, screening should be more targeted. According to the structural equation modelling results, the phenomenon of 'no-show' for screening can be mitigated by patient-physician communication. The inhabitants of the Greater Poland region are at the highest risk of dying due to colorectal cancer, which may have public health policy implications.
This study aims to assess the pathway relationships between adolescent adversities, adult addictive behaviours, divorce, conviction, long‐standing unemployment, disability, and homelessness. A structural equation model was estimated using data on n1 = 677 homeless men and n2 = 651 housed men of the same age and educational distribution, living in Warsaw, Poland. Retrospective adolescent adversities were found to be significantly related to the occurrence of adult homelessness (p ≤ .01). This relationship was mainly indirect and largely mediated by addictive behaviours, divorce, conviction, and unemployment. Addiction, divorce, and conviction were the three most frequent events preceding homelessness and were likely to coincide. The first job experience did not differentiate the two groups from each other. However, homeless individuals were more likely to currently prefer self‐employment over wage employment. Low perceived importance of family life and preference for self‐employment over wage employment were hypothesised to be related to the severity of homelessness.
BACKGROUND The lands of the Recovered Territories were acquired by Poland in 1945 and populated by almost 5 million Polish settlers mostly from central provinces in the country and from ex-Polish territories in the east. Transgenerational persistence of informal institutions provides a context for the study. OBJECTIVE Persistence of the spatial variation of age-adjusted lung cancer mortality and their causes were evaluated. The high smoking prevalence in the Recovered Territories was hypothesised to be related to the age of the local communities and persistence of informal institutions. METHODS A spatial scan statistic was used to detect clusters of elevated lung cancer mortality. A two stages least squares regression model with heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation consistent standard errors was fitted to identify determinants of a spatial clustering of lung cancer mortality. RESULTS A strong west-to-east trend of lung cancer mortality is consistent with spatial patterns of tobacco use in interwar, postwar , and current Poland. Age-adjusted lung cancer mortality was contrastingly high in 1980-1984 in Masuria, West Pomerania, and Silesia. Tobacco prevalence and unbalanced dietary patterns were found to be associated with a spatial clustering of lung cancer mortality in the country. CONCLUSIONS Migrant communities of the Recovered Territories were more likely to take up and continue smoking. This effect was enhanced by the young age of communities and population, as well as by high urbanisation and availability of employment outside
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