Background:Shyonaka (Oroxylum indicum Vent.; Bignoniaceae) root bark is one of the ingredients of dashamoola (a group of 10 roots), and is used for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic action in a number of compound formulations in Ayurveda.Aim:Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API) recommends using the stem bark instead of root bark.Material and Methods:An attempt has been made to study the anti-inflammatory activity of both root bark and stem bark kashaya (decoction) experimentally.ConclusionResults showed significant anti-inflammatory activity of root bark and stem bark decoction.
Introduction: Ricinus communis (Linn), belonging to family Euphorbiaceae, known as Eranda, is used in Ayurvedic system of medicine and its root is recommended for the management of pain, inflammation and infertility, etc. It is available both in wild as well as cultivated conditions. Due to high demand, the cultivated variety is mainly used instead of the other. Hence, to ensure botanical identification and authentication of both varieties harmacognostical evaluation of both the variety was undertaken. Method: The present investigation includes macroscopical and microscopical evaluation of both the wild and cultivated root including its powder characteristics following standard procedures. Result: Both the roots vary in colour. Roots of both varieties show similar microscopic characters like cork, parenchyma, xylum, phloem and cambium. Conclusion: The wild root differs from the cultivated one by being dark greyish-brown and greyish brown in colour, respectively. Both the varieties have same pharmacognostical characters except the presence of tyloses in the wild variety.
In Ayurveda, the roots of Eranda (Ricinus communis Linn.) are used in the treatment Amavata (rheumatism), Sotha (inflammation), Katisula (backache), Udararoga (disease of abdomen), Jwara (fever), etc, Due to high demand, root of the cultivated variety is mainly used in place of wild. But, a comparative phytochemical profile of both varieties is not available till date. Considering this, a preliminary study has been done to ensure basic phytochemical profile of both the varieties. Preliminary physicochemical parameters, phytochemical screening, quantitative estimation of alkaloid, high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), and heavy metal analysis were carried-out in the study. Analysis of physicochemical data reveals no significant difference in between both varieties of roots, while alkaloid was found to be more in cultivated variety (0.34%) than wild one (0.15%). Though, the analytical profiles are almost identical, except the quantity of alkaloid; inferences should be made through well designed pharmacological and clinical studies.
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