Objective: In this study, we estimated the relative contribution of 4 Reasoned Action Approach (RAA) belief determinants in explaining intention to stay home during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Data were obtained from a survey of a nationally representative sample of US adults (N = 942) conducted April 10-20, 2020 (about one-month after initial stay-at-home orders were implemented) using a probability-based Internet household panel (Ipsos KnowledgePanel). Multiple regression analysis tested the association between attitude, injunctive norm, descriptive norm, and self-efficacy and intention to stay home for the next month while controlling for demographic factors. We tested for a moderating effect of worker status on the relationships between the 4 RAA beliefs and intention. Results: Instrumental attitude, injunctive norm, descriptive norm, and self-efficacy demonstrated statistically significant independent associations with intention to stay home. Self-efficacy showed the highest independent association. However, this relation was modified by an interaction between self-efficacy and worker status, revealing that self-efficacy is particularly important for essential workers. Conclusions: These findings suggest that public health strategies to increase individuals’ intention to stay home and encourage adherence to stayat- home policies should focus on enhancing self-efficacy with communication and policy supports. To be most effective, interventions should be targeted based on worker status.
2019 Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccination rates in the United States have plateaued in specific populations, including rural areas. To improve COVID-19 vaccination rates and to encourage early vaccine uptake in future pandemics, this study aimed to examine vaccine attributes associated with early adoption. Data are from an anonymous online survey of adults using targeted Facebook pages of rural southern Indiana towns in January and February 2021 (n = 286). The diffusion of innovation theory states that the rate of adoption of a product in a specific population is explained by five perceived attributes: relative advantage, compatibility, observability, complexity and trialability. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association of Diffusion of Innovation theory attributes of the COVID-19 vaccine on early adoption. Results indicated that trialability [odds ratio (OR) = 3.307; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.964–5.571; P < 0.001], relative advantage (OR = 2.890; 95% CI = 1.789–4.667; P < 0.001) and compatibility (OR = 2.606; 95% CI = 1.476–4.601; P < 0.001) showed significant independent associations with early adoption. Furthermore, age and political ideology were significant moderators of complexity and relative advantage, respectfully. Health education strategies for early vaccine uptake should focus on building trust in vaccine safety, increasing short-term benefits of vaccination and promoting relatability to personal values.
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