Like many materials, granite exhibits both nonlinear acoustic distortion and slow nonequilibrium dynamics. Measurements to date have shown a response from both phenomena simultaneously, thus crosscontaminating the results. In this Letter, constant strain frequency sweep measurements eliminate the slow dynamics and, for the first time, permit evaluation of nonlinearity by itself characterized by lower resonance frequencies and a steeper slope. Measurements such as these are necessary for the fundamental understanding of material dynamics, and for the creation and validation of descriptive models.
Forming nickel-based superalloy aero-engine components is a challenging process, largely because of the risk of high degree of springback and issues with formability. In the forming tests conducted on alloy 718 at room temperature, open fractures are observed in the drawbead regions, which are not predicted while evaluating the formability using the traditional forming-limit diagram (FLD). This highlights the importance of an accurate prediction of failure during forming as, in some cases, may severely influence the springback and thereby the accuracy of the predicted shape distortions, leading the final shape of the formed component out of tolerance. In this study, the generalised incremental stress-state dependent damage model (GISSMO) is coupled with the isotropic von Mises and the anisotropic Barlat Yld2000-2D yield criteria to predict the material failure in the forming simulations conducted on alloy 718 using LS-DYNA. Their effect on the predicted effective plastic strains and shape deviations is discussed. The failure and instability strains needed to calibrate the GISSMO are directly obtained from digital image correlation (DIC) measurements in four different specimen geometries i.e. tensile, plane strain, shear, and biaxial. The damage distribution over the drawbeads is measured using a non-linear acoustic technique for validation purposes. The numerical simulations accurately predict failure at the same regions as those observed in the experimental forming tests. The expected distribution of the damage over the drawbeads is in accordance with the experimental measurements. The results highlight the potential of considering DIC to calibrate the GISSMO in combination with an anisotropic material model for forming simulations in alloy 718.
For certain resonant high-power air transducers exists a radiating cone which is in some way connected to a forcing piezoelectric ceramic. This study focuses purely on the cone structure itself, and the form of excitation that gives desired results on the vibration modes of the cone. In the new design three different parameters are changed from existing devices. They are: 1) the change of the round piezoelectric disc center position to a piezoelectric ring shape, while making the cone center fixed, 2) the cutting of the cone into leaves, and 3) the radial thickness decreasing with radius. In simulations, the new design yields considerably higher vibration amplitudes.
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