ABSTRAK Guludan horizontal (searah kontur) telah terbukti sangat efektif menurunkan laju erosi tanah pada lahan kentang, namun efektifitasnya dalam meningkatkan kualitas tanah maupun produktivitas tanaman yang optimal perlu dikaji lebih mendalam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh kombinasi mulsa dan pupuk terhadap erosi dan kehilangan nutrisi tanah pada lahan kentang dengan aplikasi bio-arang dan guludan horizontal. Sebanyak 6 demplot kentang (6 m x 3 m) dengan aplikasi bio-arang (5 ton/ha) dan guludan horizontal (5 lajur) disiapkan masing-masing untuk perlakuan mulsa plastik-pupuk organik (MPO), mulsa jeramipupuk organik (MJO), tanpa mulsa-pupuk organik (TMO/kontrol), mulsa plastikpupuk anorganik (MPK), mulsa jerami-pupuk anorganik (MJK), dan tanpa mulsapupuk anorganik (TMK/kontrol). Laju aliran permukaan (runoff) dan kehilangan tanah (soil loss) pada setiap demplot diukur pada setiap kejadian hujan dengan menggunakan kolektor sedimen, serta kadar N-total dan P-total-nya dianalisis di laboratorium masing-masing dengan menggunakan metode Kjeldahl dan Kolorimetri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa MPK mampu menahan laju runoff dan soil loss lebih baik daripada yang lain atau masing-masing 11.9-18.1% dan 41.8-48.1% lebih efektif dibanding kontrol. Lebih jauh, MPK dapat menekan kehilangan N-total dan P-total lebih signifikan daripada yang lain atau masing-masing 30.1-38.9% dan 31.9-44.8% lebih baik dibanding kontrol. Dengan demikian, MPK dipandang sebagai kombinasi yang sesuai untuk budidaya kentang dengan aplikasi bio-arang dan guludan horizontal. KATA KUNCI Budidaya kentang; erosi tanah, guludan horizontal; kehilangan nutrisi tanah; kombinasi mulsapupuk
Insufficient puddling with inappropriate implements or imprecise time/intensity may alter saturated water flow in paddy soil spatially or temporary due to change in aggregate size distribution, dry bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and percolation rate of the soil. In this study, spatial variability of saturated hydraulic conductivity (K s ), a key parameter of the saturated water flow, in Fuchu Honmachi paddy plot (100 m 9 28 m) was characterized based on dielectric or ADR dry bulk density (q b-ADR ) with help of non-similar media concept (NSMC) and geostatistics model to meet its correlation to subsurface percolation. A 100 cc core and an ADR data were sampled from each sub-plot (7 m 9 7.5 m), and then were used for measuring and predicting q b and K s . The predicted data agreed with the measured ones, in which they fitted well the x = y line with RMSE of 0.029 cm 3 cm -3 (R 2 = 0.68), 0.027 g cm -3 (R 2 = 0.71) (q b ), and 0.098 cm d -1 (R 2 = 0.45) for h, q b , and K s , respectively. The predicted q b and K s had similar trend in spatial variability to the measured ones particularly within the distance of 46.3-51.9 m and 26.2-27.9 m, respectively. The spatial variability of the predicted K s coincided to that of the subsurface percolation rate, in which they had similar distance of dependence. The results indicated that the presenting method can be reasonably accepted.
Abstrak. Buah jeruk mudah mengalami penurunan mutu selama penyimpanan. Pengetahuan tentang perubahan mutu jeruk perlu diketahui karena menjadi faktor yang mempengaruhi proses penanganan selanjutnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi perubahan karakteristik fisik, mekanik, kimia dan optik buah jeruk selama penyimpanan pada suhu ruang serta mengetahui korelasi kualitas buah jeruk dengan fitur citranya menggunakan analisis regresi. Sebanyak 135 sampel jeruk disimpan pada suhu ruang (25-27 oC) selama 40 hari. Buah jeruk ditangkap citranya menggunakan webcam kemudian diukur karakteristik fisik (bobot dan diameter), mekanik (kekerasan dan koefisien gesek), dan kimia (total padatan terlarut). Fitur citra yang dianalisis adalah area citra biner, warna RGB, warna HSV, warna CIE-Lab, warna abu-abu dan fitur tekstur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa area citra biner memiliki korelasi yang kuat terhadap bobot dan diameter buah jeruk dengan koefisien determinasi (R2) masing-masing sebesar 0,8285 dan 0,8282. Kekerasan dan koefisien gesek statis buah jeruk mempunyai korelasi yang rendah terhadap fitur citra abu-abu. Total padatan terlarut jeruk yang disimpan pada suhu ruang mempunyai korelasi yang cukup kuat dengan rata-rata nilai Hue dengan R2= 0,7473 dan rata-rata nilai kroma a* dengan R2= 0,7029. Analisis warna dengan teknik pengolahan citra dapat diaplikasikan untuk menduga beberapa karakteristik mutu buah jeruk.Regression Analysis for Orange Quality Evaluation during Storage Based on Image Color FeaturesAbstract. Orange fruits can easily deteriorate during storage. Information about quality changes of orange fruits is essential to figure out since it can be a key factor that will affect further fruit handlings. This research aimed to identify the changes of physical, mechanical, chemical and optical properties of orange during storage at room temperature as well as to discover the correlation between orange quality and image features by means of regression analysis. A sample size of 135 oranges was stored in a room temperature (25-27 oC) for 40 days. Each orange was captured its image using a webcam and was subsequently measured its physical, mechanical and chemical characteristics, i.e. weight, diameter, hardness, static friction coefficient, and total soluble solids (TSS). Several image features, i.e. binary area, RGB color, HSV color, CIE-Lab color, gray value, and texture features, were then measured. The results showed that there was a high correlation between fruit weight and diameter and binary area with R2 = 0.8285 and R2 = 0.8282, respectively. On the other hand, color values had low correlation with fruit hardness and static friction coefficient. Likewise the physical properties, the chemical properties of orange fruit had a relatively strong correlation with image color. Based on the experiments, the R2 values of the correlation between hue value of HSV color model and a* component of CIE-Lab color and orange TSS were 0.7473 and 0.7029, respectively. Color analysis with image processing technique can be applied to estimate several orange properties.
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