This work is built on the Mathematica-Simulink transformed modeling which emphasizes on the rate of heat generation when occurs radiation absorption with low scattering in attenuation against tissue radial and axial depth. Experimental based data and prediction of thermal distribution owing to absorption has applied a closed-form system known in principle as an analogue computer model. There are assumptions which considered to modeling principle and sample conditions such as static tissue with no blood supply with response to homeostatic regulation of body temperature equilibrium. Thermal transfer of different power densities indicates that it penetrates the axial or radial depth with the small heat change difference for several types of tissue, i.e., skin, fat, tumor, and muscle. The results for time intervals of one second or longer show a steady-state centered about one temperature. By contrast, milliseconds to picoseconds time ranges display a small but significant temperature change as the depth varies correlated with the contrasting tissue structures. The dimensionless temperature used for finding indifference of tissue thermal characteristics that gives the heat mapping in different contours of the dimensionless temperature. This indicates that the THz regime has a good prospect for clinical purpose and medical therapy as well as imaging.

APPLICATION OF SULFONATED POLYSTYRENE IN POLYMER ELECTROLYTE FUEL CELL. Sulfonated polystyrene (SPS) is polyelectrolyte solid that widely used in many aplications. In this works SPS is applied for some parts of polymer electrolyte fuel cell membrane due sulfonate group available in the structure. The investigation involve the application for membrane with addition of small molecules, i.e. benzimidazole and evaluating its microstructure and performance. Application of SPS solution as binding agent in MEA will also be presented.  The results show that when using SPS as fuel cell membrane, the additon of small molecules such as benzimidazole would modify its microstrusture as well as improve its ion conductivity. Meanwhile, some improvement still required for application of SPS solution as binding agent for preparation of Membrane Electrode Assembly or MEA.

A thin layer of Barium Strontium Titanate Ba0.15Sr0.85TiO3 (BST) was developed on a glass substrate using a sol-gel method with annealing temperatures and spin coating process at 3500 rpm for 30 seconds. The annealing temperature varied from 600oC, 650oC, and 700oC.  Characterization of optical properties was developed using UV-Vis spectroscopy to determine the energy bandgap. The values of the BST thin layer energy band at the annealing temperature were 3.55 eV, 3.32 eV, and 3.10 eV, respectively. The results indicate that the BST thin film was a semiconductor material.

Lapisan tipis Barium Strontium Titanate (BST) telah ditelaah dengan komposisi  Ba0.75 Sr0.25 TiO3 menggunakan metode sol-gel yang digabungkan pada suhu 600 dan 650oC. Lapisan tipis BST dikarakterisasi menggunakan Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) dan spektroskopi impedansi. Hasil dari karakterisasi FESEM untuk sampel pada suhu 600 dan 650oC ialah 55.83 nm dan 84.88 nm dari segi ketebalan secara berurutan. Hasil dari karakterisasi spektroskopi impedansi berdasarkan nilai frekuensi menunjukkan nilai impedansi yang nyata dan imajiner. Nilai kapasitsa pada frekuensi 20 Hz dari lapisan tipis BST pada suhu 600 dan 650oC ialah 69.36 dan 138.70 F. Konstanta dielektrik dari lapisan tipis BST pada suhu 600 dan 650oC ialah 22.17 dan 131.56 secara berurutan.   The thin film of Barium Strontium Titanate (BST) has been studied with composition of Ba0.75 Sr0.25 TiO3 by using sol-gel method that annealed in temperature of 600oC and 650oC. The thin film of BST is characterized by using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and an impedance spectroscopy. The results of FESEM characterization for samples in temperature of 600 dan 650oC are 55.83 nm and 84.88 nm in thickness respectively. The result of impedance spectroscopy characterization given frequency values obtained by the impedance value of real and imaginary.The capacitance value at a frequency of 20 Hz from a thin film of BST in temperature of 600 dan 650oC are 69.36 F and 138.7oF. The dielectric constant of the thin film of BST in temperature of 600 dan 650oC are 22.17 and 131.56 respectively.

Telah dilakukan pembuatan sampel dari bahan Barium Strontium Titanat (BST) dengan komposisi Ba 0 , 3 Sr 0 , 7 TiO 3 dengan menggunakan metode sol gel dan di annealing pada suhu 600 • C, 650 • C dan 700 • C. Ukuran butiran dan ketebalan sampel dikarakterisasi menggunakan Field Emission Scanning Microscopy (FESEM). Ukuran butiran meningkat dengan meningkatnya suhu annealing. Nilai rata-rata ukuran butiran dari temperatur 600 • C, 650 • C dan 700 • C adalah : 21,20 nm; 22,30 nm dan 26,8 nm. Nilai ketebalan sampel masing-masing adalah 31,28 nm;37,5nm dan 39,08nm. AbstractSampling has been made from Barium Strontium Titanate (BST) with composition of Ba 0 , 3 Sr 0 , 7 TiO 3 by sol gel method and at annealing at temperature 600 • C, 650 • C and 700 • C. Grain size and sample thickness were characterized using Field Emission Scanning Microscopy (FESEM). Grain size and sample thickness increase with increasing annealing temperature. The average values of grain size from temperatures of 600 • C, 650 • C and 700 • C are: 21.20 nm; 22.30 nm and 26.8 nm. The sample thickness values were 31.28 nm, 37.5 nm and 39.08 nm, respectively.