Salivirus in children with diarrhoea, western IndiaAcute gastroenteritis or infectious diarrhoea is one of the most common diseases affecting children less than 5 years of age and leads to significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in developing countries. 1 Recent studies have revealed that on average up to 40% of diarrhoea cases are of unknown aetiology. 2,3 Salivirus (SalV), also known as klassevirus, a member of the genus Salivirus in the family Picornaviridae, 4 was a relatively recent discovery in stool samples of children with gastroenteritis in the USA in the year 2009. 5 SalV has been found in faecal samples from patients with gastroenteritis in various countries, with a frequency ranging from 0.1% to 8.7%. 6,7 The occurrence of a second type of SalV, A2, was reported after this was detected in sewage samples in Thailand in 2012. 8 Although there are reports suggesting gastroenteritis in infants caused by SalV, 9 as well as its actual prevalence in infants and children, the epidemiology of the virus and its pathogenesis remain unclear.SalV was detected in 16 samples from the community and nine samples from hospitals, in a multicentre study in Vellore, South India during the years 2005-2006, demonstrating klassevirus infection and replication in humans. 10 There appears to have been no further report of SalV detection in India.During an ongoing study by the National Rotavirus Surveillance Network (NRSN) supported by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), two clinical recruitment sites located in Belagavi (an urban region in Karnataka) and Karad (a rural region in Maharashtra) in western India were investigated to estimate the presence of SalV in children 0-59 months of age hospitalized with diarrhoea as a primary cause of illness. The investigation took place between January and December 2014.A total of 468 faecal samples were collected along with clinical and demographic information, after written informed consent/ assent was obtained and following institutional ethics committee approval at the respective clinical recruitment sites and RMRC, ICMR, Belagavi, Karnataka, India. Faecal samples were suspended to 30% in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and viral RNA was extracted using a QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kit (Qiagen Sciences, Valencia CA, USA). RNA was then converted to complementary DNA (cDNA) using a reverse transcription (RT) kit (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA) and random primers (Applied
A growing number of organisations, including medical associations, recommend that research subjects should be given the option of being informed about the general outcome and results of the study. We recently completed a study involving nine serosurveys from 2018 to 2020 in five districts of India among three age groups (children 9 months to < 5 years; 5 to < 15 years of age, and women 15 to < 50 years of age before and after the measles and rubella (MR) vaccination campaigns). In Palghar district of Maharashtra all individuals in 30 selected clusters were enumerated, and 13 individuals per age group were randomly sampled. We established the procedures to return the results to the respondents for each stage of the survey. Of the 1,166 individuals selected for the measles and rubella serosurvey, 971 (83%) agreed to participate and were enrolled. Participants were informed that they will only be contacted if they test seronegative for measles and/or rubella antibodies. Overall, 140 individuals enrolled in the survey tested seronegative for IgG antibodies to measles and/or rubella viruses; were provided the reports and informed to seek medical advice. Upon follow up by phone, 10% (14) of the 140 participants reported to have been vaccinated. In this paper we discuss the procedures, experiences and considerations in returning results to participants in a community-based measles and rubella serosurvey. Although the lessons learned are specific to post measles-rubella vaccine campaign serosurvey in India, they might be helpful to those contemplating sharing results to participants of large scale survey settings.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.