SGIP1 has been shown to be an endophilin-interacting protein that regulates energy balance, but its function is not fully understood. Here, we identified its splicing variant of SGIP1 and named it SGIP1␣. SGIP1␣ bound to phosphatidylserine and phosphoinositides and deformed the plasma membrane and liposomes into narrow tubules, suggesting the involvement in vesicle formation during endocytosis. SGIP1␣ furthermore bound to Eps15, an important adaptor protein of clathrin-mediated endocytic machinery. SGIP1␣ was colocalized with Eps15 and the AP-2 complex. Upon epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation, SGIP1␣ was colocalized with EGF at the plasma membrane, indicating the localization of SGIP1␣ at clathrin-coated pits/vesicles. SGIP1␣ overexpression reduced transferrin and EGF endocytosis. SGIP1␣ knockdown reduced transferrin endocytosis but not EGF endocytosis; this difference may be due to the presence of redundant pathways in EGF endocytosis. These results suggest that SGIP1␣ plays an essential role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis by interacting with phospholipids and Eps15.Clathrin-mediated endocytosis governs not only the routine uptake of membranes and nutrient receptors but also the internalization of several ligand-stimulated receptors, channels, and transporters (1). Clathrin triskelions assemble into polyhedral lattices on the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane. Binding of clathrin to the plasma membrane is mediated by adaptor proteins that interact with clathrin and with specialized cytoplasmic motifs of transmembrane proteins and/or phospholipids (2-6). The major adaptor protein is the AP-2 complex that consists of ␣-, ␤2-, 2-, and 2-adaptins. The AP-2 complex recruits other adaptor proteins, such as amphiphysin, ␤-arrestin, epsin, and Eps15. These adaptor proteins can also interact with each other and with other components, such as dynamin, of clathrin-mediated endocytosis machinery.Accompanied by the binding of clathrin and its adaptor proteins to the plasma membrane, membrane curvature is generated to form a coated pit (1). The process of membrane curvature leads to the formation of a deeply invaginated membrane followed by the fission of a nascent coated vesicle. Adaptor proteins, such as epsin and amphiphysin, directly bind to and deform liposomes into tubules in vitro (3, 7-10). These proteins, together with dynamin, play crucial roles in membrane curvature and fission for the formation of clathrin-coated vesicles (1). They directly interact with membrane phosphoinositides through phospholipid-binding domains such as the ENTH 5 domain in epsin, the BAR domain in amphiphysin, the EFC/FCH and BAR domain in FBP17, and the pleckstrin homology domain in dynamin (11-13). These domains deform the plasma membrane into narrow tubules.We attempted to isolate a novel tubulin-and/or MT-binding protein and purified a protein with a molecular mass of about 100 kDa (p100). During the study, p100 was found to be highly homologous to a recently reported protein named Src homology 3-domain growth factor r...

Following the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident in 2011, tissue samples from wild boar (Sus scrofa) outside the evacuation zone (difficult-to-return zone, DRZ) tended to show high activity concentrations of cesium-137 (137Cs). Understanding the 137Cs dynamics of wild boar populations inside the DRZ is necessary because they affect 137Cs dynamics and wild boar management in areas outside the DRZ. Since few detailed, long-term studies have been conducted inside the DRZ, we measured 137Cs activity concentrations in 221 wild boar muscle samples obtained from wild boar caught inside the DRZ and surrounding areas over a 5-year period. Our results showed that the 137Cs activity concentration in wild boar from inside the DRZ were higher than those in wild boar outside this zone. No significant difference was observed between muscle and soil 137Cs levels, but significant correlations were observed between muscle 137Cs activity concentrations and body length and body weight in the low-activity-concentration season, but not between all seasons and the high-activity-concentration seasons. It is considered that the size effects observed during the low-activity-concentration season may be due to factors related to metabolism and changes in food habit. This is the first long-term survey of 137Cs in wild boar inside the DRZ.

In recent years, guided wave gathers attention as means of nondestructive inspection of wire ropes. In this paper, we investigate propagation configurations of guided waves generated by Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducers (EMATs) by analysis, numerical calculation and experiments. From results of magnetic field numerical�analysis, we found that the Lorentz force and the magnetic flux density generated by EMATs distribute over surface element wires of peripheral strands near EMAT's coils. From experimental results of arrival times of received signals, we calculated the propagation velocity of guided waves. The velocity shows that guided waves are mainly propagated as Longitudinal(0,1)-mode (L(0,1)-mode). Thus, we conclude that guided waves are propagated through each element wire of a peripheral strand near EMAT's coils mainly as L(0,1)-mode.

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