To elucidate and reduce the risk of radionuclide contamination in wildlife caused by the Tokyo Electric Power Company Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station accident, it is important to understand radionuclide variations in the wild animal population. Here, we used environmental monitoring data and muscle samples collected from Asian black bear (Ursus thibetanus) and wild boar (Sus scrofa) from May 2011 to March 2016 to examine seasonal variation in radiocesium (137Cs) concentrations in muscle tissues (hereafter, muscle 137Cs) of these important game species in Fukushima Prefecture. We measured muscle 137Cs of bears and wild boars killed by hunters or in animal control culls. First, using a linear mixed model (LMM), we tested for a positive relationship between muscle 137Cs and 137Cs in the soil at the site of capture (hereafter, soil 137Cs) estimated from a soil 137Cs deposition map produced by the Japan Atomic Energy Agency. In the LMM, muscle 137Cs was positively related to estimated soil 137Cs, which corroborates the results of previous studies. The LMM regression coefficients differed between the two species, with wild boar muscle 137Cs being higher than that of bears sampled at the same locations. We then employed a generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) to estimate seasonal variation in the muscle 137Cs of the target species. GAMM showed that muscle 137Cs varied seasonally and that this seasonal variation also differed between the two species. In bears, muscle 137Cs decreased from spring to early autumn, before increasing in winter. Wild boar muscle 137Cs remained low during spring and summer and was high during autumn and early spring. These patterns are likely influenced by differences in diet, habitat use, and physiology between these two species.
After the accident at the TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in 2011, it became important to study radiation dynamics, assess internal radiation exposure and specify factors affecting radionuclide variation in wildlife. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate which physicochemical fractions of radiocaesium ( 137 Cs) are absorbed from ingested material in species with high activity concentrations of 137 Cs, such as wild boar. This study analysed the physicochemical fractions of 137 cs in the stomach contents of wild boar to evaluate the transfer from ingested food to muscle. The 137 cs activity concentration in muscle showed a significantly positive relationship with the 137 cs activity concentration in the exchangeable fraction, and the sum of the 137 cs activity concentrations in the exchangeable and bound to organic matter fractions. Seasonal variations were also found in the 137 cs activity concentration in the exchangeable fraction, and the sum of the 137 cs activity concentrations in the exchangeable and bound to organic matter fractions. These findings suggest that the proportions of the physicochemical fractions of 137 Cs in the exchangeable and bound to organic matter fractions in the stomach contents are important factors affecting the increases and seasonal dynamics of the activity concentrations of 137 cs in wild boar muscle. Scientific RepoRtS |(2020) 10:6796 | https://doi.
We aimed to reveal the dispersal and gene flow of the local wild boar (Sus scrofa) population and find their genetic boundary in Fukushima Prefecture. After the nuclear incident in 2011, the land was considered a difficult-to-return zone, and the increase in the number of wild boars was pronounced. To provide an effective management strategy for the wild boar population, we used multiplexed inter-simple sequence repeat genotyping by sequencing (MIG-seq) and clarified the genetic structure of wild boars. We obtained 328 single-nucleotide polymorphisms from 179 samples. STRUCTURE analysis showed that the most likely number of population cluster was K = 2. Molecular analysis of variance showed significant genetic differences between groups of wild boars inhabiting in the east and west across the Abukuma River. The migration rate from the eastern population to the western population is higher than in the reverse case based on BayesAss analysis. Our study indicates that both the Abukuma River and anthropogenic urbanization along the river may affect the migration of wild boars and the population in western was established mainly by the migration from other neighboring prefectures.
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