Optical coherence tomography-based complex characteristics of TCFA and microchannel were the potential predictors of subsequent progression of NSCPs in patients with CAD.

Purpose:To elucidate the performance of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map in localizing prostate carcinoma (PC) using stepwise histopathology as a reference. Materials and Methods:Preoperative MR images of 37 patients with PC who had undergone radical prostatectomy were retrospectively evaluated. First, T2-weighted images (T2WI) alone were interpreted (T2WI reading), and then T2WI along with ADC map were interpreted (T2WI/ ADC map reading). Sextant-based sensitivity and specificity, and the ratio of the detected volume to the whole tumor volume (% tumor volume) were compared between the two interpretations, and results were also correlated to Gleason's scores (GS). ADC values were correlated to histological grades.Results: Sensitivity was significantly higher in T2WI/ ADC map reading than in T2WI reading (71% vs. 51%), but specificity was similar (61% vs. 60%). By adding ADC map to T2WI, % tumor volume detected increased significantly in transitional zone (TZ) lesions, but not in peripheral zone (PZ) lesions. % tumor volume detected with T2WI/ADC map reading showed a positive correlation with GS of the specimens. Less differentiated PC were associated with lower ADC values and higher detectability.Conclusion: T2WI/ADC map reading was better than T2WI reading in PC detection and localization. This approach may be particularly useful for detecting TZ lesions and biologically aggressive lesions.

Dynamic MR imaging is accurate in depicting FC in HCCs. HCC with a pseudocapsule at MR possibly consists of peritumoral sinusoids and/or fibrosis. The pseudocapsule may be similar to histologic FC in terms of tumor invasiveness.

No abstract

Purpose To evaluate the utility of amide proton transfer (APT) imaging in estimating histologic grades of endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma (EEA). Materials and Methods The institutional review board approved this prospective study. Between June 2012 and March 2016, 32 patients with EEA underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. After their surgical procedures, their EEAs were confirmed pathologically and classified into histologic grades: grade 1 (n = 11), grade 2 (n = 11), and grade 3 (n = 10). The APT signal intensities (SIs) and the mean and minimum apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) of the three grades were calculated and compared. Spearman rank correlation coefficient was also calculated between the APT SIs and histologic grades, and between the ADCs and histologic grades. Results The Spearman correlation coefficient with histologic grade of the APT SIs, the mean ADC, and the minimum ADC were 0.55 (P = .001), 0.03 (P = .84), and -0.30 (P = .09), respectively. The average APT SIs and the mean and minimum ADCs were 2.2% ± 0.2 (standard deviation), 0.9 × 10 mm/sec ± 0.2, and 0.6 × 10 mm/sec ± 0.1 for grade 1; 3.2% ± 0.3, 0.8 × 10 mm/sec ± 0.1, and 0.5 × 10 mm/sec ± 0.1 for grade 2; and 3.7% ± 0.3, 0.9 × 10 mm/sec ± 0.1, and 0.5 × 10 mm/sec ± 0.1 for grade 3, respectively. The APT SIs of grade 3 EEA were significantly higher than those of grade 1 EEA (P = .01), but other pairwise comparisons did not reveal any significant differences (P = .06-.51). The mean and minimum ADCs showed no significant differences among the three histologic grades (P =.13-.51). Conclusion The APT SI was positively correlated with the histologic grades of EEA. RSNA, 2017 Online supplemental material is available for this article.

Background-Renal dysfunction is commonly accompanied by a worsening of atherosclerosis; however, the underlying molecular mechanism is not fully understood. We examined the role played by soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1), an endogenous antagonist of the proatherogenic cytokine placental growth factor (PlGF), in the worsening of atherosclerosis in patients with renal dysfunction and in an animal model of renal failure. Methods and Results-In this study, 329 patients who received cardiac catheterization and 76 patients who underwent renal biopsy were enrolled. Both plasma sFlt-1 levels and renal sFlt-1 mRNA expression were positively correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (PϽ0.01). The PlGF/sFlt-1 ratio was negatively correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (PϽ0.01), whereas plasma PlGF levels were not affected by it. The PlGF/sFlt-1 ratio was significantly higher in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease than in patients with single-vessel or no coronary artery disease. The reduction of circulating sFlt-1 and renal sFlt-1 mRNA levels was confirmed in five-sixths (5/6)-nephrectomized apolipoprotein E-deficient mice that developed experimental renal dysfunction. Atherosclerotic plaque area and macrophage infiltration into the plaque were significantly higher in 5/6 -nephrectomized apolipoprotein E-deficient mice than in control mice, but replacement therapy with recombinant sFlt-1 significantly reduced both plaque formation and macrophage infiltration. Conclusions-The present study demonstrates that a reduction in the circulating levels of sFlt-1 is associated with the worsening of atherosclerosis that accompanies renal dysfunction. (Circulation. 2009;120:2470-2477.)Key Words: atherosclerosis Ⅲ coronary disease Ⅲ growth substances Ⅲ heart failure Ⅲ kidney C hronic kidney disease is a worldwide public health problem not only because it leads to end-stage renal failure 1-3 but also because it is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular events. 4,5 Accumulating evidence indicates that atherosclerosis is often worsened in patients with renal dysfunction, 6 -9 and the risk of cardiovascular disease increases sharply as the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) declines. 10 Additionally, more than 50% of deaths among end-stage renal failure patients are due to cardiovascular events. 11 Although it is clear that most cardiovascular events associated with renal dysfunction result from atherosclerosis, the underlying molecular mechanism responsible for the worsening of atherosclerosis in chronic kidney disease is not yet fully understood. Consequently, an effective therapeutic strategy is still lacking. Clinical Perspective on p 2477Fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (Flt-1), which is a receptor tyrosine kinase and a member of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor family, 12 is a specific receptor for placental growth factor (PlGF) and VEGF-A. Soluble Flt-1 (sFlt-1), which consists of the 6 extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains ...

The area of peritumoral hemodynamic change in HCC patients with minute portal invasion (group 1) may be larger than in those without it (group 0), especially when tumors are small.

Variant hepatic artery anatomy in a liver transplant recipient increased the risk of hepatic artery complications after transplantation. The smaller caliber of the native common hepatic artery may contribute to the higher risk.