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Mean blood loss was 54.2 (SD, 47.9) mL/kg, the mean (SD) for amounts of blood products transfused was 25.3 (19.5) mL/kg for packed red blood cells, 2.6 (3.3) units for fresh frozen plasma, and 1.7 (3.1) units for platelets. Seven recipients (2.7%) underwent transplantation without intraoperative transfusion of red blood cells, whereas 25 patients (9.6%) received more than 10 units of red blood cells intraoperatively. Multivariable analysis showed that no preoperative factor was a predictor of blood loss or requirement for intraoperative transfusion. Transfusion of fresh frozen plasma and packed red blood cells was significantly lower in 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008 than in 2003 to 2004 (P < .001).

Background: Liver transplantation (LT) is the definitive treatment for patients with advanced liver failure. Bacterial infections are common consequences of organ transplantation resulting from immune suppression and prolonged hospitalization. Methods: This retrospective cohort study examined the records of all liver transplant pediatrics under 18 years of age in Abu-Ali Sina hospital, Shiraz, Fars province, Iran, from April 2019 to February 2020. Demographic, laboratory, and clinical data were extracted along with the administered therapeutic approach for the patient. Results: Of 80 enrolled patients, 52 were male, and 28 were female, with a median age of 60 months. An incidence of 67.9% of bacterial infections was recorded. Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogens accounted for 64.06% and 35.93% of infections, respectively. Surgical site infections were the most common ones. The length of ICU stay, hospitalization, mechanical ventilation duration, and re-hospitalization were significantly higher in the infected group than in non-infected pediatrics (P-value < 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis showed that the only risk factor for bacterial infections after LT was the length of ICU stay. The mortality rate was 22%, which was significantly higher among the infection group (P = 0.008). Conclusions: A high rate of bacterial infections and an increasing prevalence of nosocomial and antibiotic-resistant pathogens were detected in the early period after LT.

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