The visual perception of a target at sea is the most important factor in good seamanship and therefore the need in keeping a proper lookout is paramount in preventing maritime traffic ac − cidents , This study shows the environmental factors and visual conditions concerning a good look . out which are extracted from 1, 000 reports of the Marine Accidents Inqniry Agency . Authors deduce from these reports the background factors of visual perception in the case of ship collisions . They are as follows ; 1.In daytime , it is difficult to see other ships when in the su ゴ s direction and when the sun ' s altitude is from − 9 to 40 degrees. 2 、In cloudy weather , and when the sun ' s a ! titude is 皿 ore than 40 degrees , the influence of the
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