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To determine the occurrence of <i>Enterobacter sakazakii</i> and other Enerobateriaceae in commercial powdered infant formula (PIF), 185 packages of PIF from different manufacturers, supermarkets and drug-stores in Abidjan were analyzed. Ten g of sample was homogenized in 90 ml of buffered peptone water (PBW, Biorad, Paris) for further studies. Enterobacteriaceae (coliforms) were enumerated according to French Association of Standardization methods. <i>E. sakazakii</i> was detected according to Kandhai’s method. Bacteria were identified using API20 system. Thirty-eight samples (20.5%) were positive for Enterobacteriaceae. Twenty-four samples (13%) yielded <i>Enterobacter sakazakii</i>. Other Enterobacteriaceae isolated included <i>Pantoea spp.</i> 21 (11.5%), <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. Pneumonia</i> 8 (4.3%), <i>Citrobacter diversus</i> 1 (0.5%), <i>Citrobacter freundii</i> 1 (0.5%), </i>Enterobacter cloacae</i> 1 (0.5%), <i>Salmonella reading</i> 1 (0.5%), <i>Serratia ficara</i> 1 (0.5%) <i>Serratia odorifera</i> 1 (0.5%). This study is the first report to describe the contamination of PIF from Abidjan with <i>E. sakazakii</i> and several other Enterobacteriaceae that could be opportunistic pathogens. Therefore, well-controlled studies need to be conducted to assess the extent of risk associated with contaminated PIF for infants in Abidjan

The large demand for drinking water in the Baya watershed (6324 km 2 ), located in East of Côte d'Ivoire is supplied from groundwater sources. This study investigated the specifics hydrogeochemical assessment of groundwater quality in the Baya's watershed by using statistical methods with graphical and self-organizing maps (SOM) neural network methods. It was carried out to identify the hydrogeochemical processes related to groundwater quality, conduct a hydrochemical evaluation of the aquifer systems and delineate the various factors controlling the water chemistry and general suitability for drinking purposes. To reach these goals, groundwater was sampled from 150 locations. Results indicated that the groundwater sampled is generally acid due to the acid character of the enclosing rocks (SiO 2 > 60), with an average pH of 6.54 ± 0.33 and an average electrical conductivity of 420.15 ± 248.15 μS/cm. they are moderately mineralized to the gaze of World Heath Organization (WHO) guidelines, with calc-magnesium hydrogen carbonate facies (84%) and calc-magnesium sulphate chlorinated facies. Major ions at the origin of mineralization of groundwater are produced by rock weathering, hydrolysis of silicate minerals. The NO 3 -, Cl -and SO 4 2-ions are derived from a human pollution due to human activities. Water boreholes located along the major rivers and the watershed outlet are highly mineralized but also proned to anthropogenic pollution. As for the locations of the north and southeast of the Baya's watershed, there are high levels of iron and manganese, which explains the reddish appearance of these waters.

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Ce travail aborde le problème d'accessibilité en eau potable dans les zones fissurées de la Côte d'Ivoire notamment en saison sèche. Sur le bassin versant de la Lobo, le problème se pose avec plus d'acuité puisque les retenues aménagées pour l'alimentation en eau des populations ne sont pas correctement alimentées ces dernières années et sujettes à une très forte eutrophisation. L'approche pluridisciplinaire (télédétection, analyse multicritère et système d'information hydrogéologique à référence spatiale) a été adoptée. La cartographie des sites potentiels en eau montre que la quasi-totalité du bassin de la Lobo possède une bonne et excellente disponibilité en eau souterraine (93% de la superficie totale). Cette bonne disponibilité en eau souterraine est due à une faible pente et à une bonne densité de fracturation qui entrainent une bonne infiltration des eaux dans l'aquifère. L'identification des sites potentiels montre que près de 72% de la superficie du bassin est favorable à l'implantation d'ouvrages à gros débits. Dans l'ensemble, ces aquifères présentent une bonne accessibilité avec cependant, une exploitabilité médiocre.Groundwater potential map of the Lobo basin (central-west Ivory Coast): multi-criteria analysis approach ABSTRACT This work tackles the problem of accessibility of drinking water in the fractured areas of Ivory Coast, particularly in the dry season. In the Lobo basin, the problem is more acute because reservoirs of water built to supply the population have not been properly supplied in recent years and are prone to severe eutrophication. A multidisciplinary approach (comprised of remote sensing, multi-criteria analysis and a spatial reference information system) was adopted. The map of potential water sites shows that almost the whole of the Lobo basin (93% of the total area) has good and excellent groundwater availability. This good availability water is due to a weak slope and a good density of fracturing, which result in good infiltration of water in the aquifer. The identification of potential sites shows that nearly 72% of the basin area is favourable for the establishment of works for large flows. Overall, these aquifers have good accessibility, but with a poor exploitability. ARTICLE HISTORYReçu le 24 juin 2013 Accepté le 25 mai 2014 analyse multicritère ; potentiel en eau ; bassin versant Lobo ; Côte d'Ivoire

This study is carried out in the Baya watershed in the eastern region of Côte d'Ivoire to highlight access to drinking water issue in the fratured areas of Côte d'Ivoire. It aims at mapping the groundwater reservoirs to optimize the future installment of new boreholes for a satisfactory success rate. For the methodological approach we use Landsat 7 satellite images to map fracture networks with the use of the directional filtering technique. The induced permeabilities from these fractures were calculated using Fanciss’s method. The multicriteria analysis and Hydrogeological Information System with Spatial Reference were adopted to map groundwater reservoirs. Structural mapping by remote sensing permitted the development of detailed fractures maps with more than 6,998 listed fractures responsible for the formation of fracture aquifers in the Baya watershed. The size of these fractures is spread over two orders of magnitude. The main orientations are NE-SO (N70-80), corresponding to the Eburnean orientations, E-O (N90-100) and NO-SE (N100-120), associated with the Liberian orientation. Induced permeabilities vary from 1.20.10-8 to 4.62.10-5 m/s with a regional average of about 5.32.10-6 m/s. The zones with strong induced permeabilities that coincide with those of high fracturing densities brought us to have five reservoirs in the basin, with two large reservoirs, two media and three small ones. This groundwater flows into the mainstream waters from two main directions.