BackgroundTo study the various forms of tobacco usage and its associated oral mucosal lesions among the patients attending Vishnu Dental College Bhimavaram.Material and MethodsAn observational cross-sectional study was conducted in a total of 450 patients who were divided into three groups based upon type of tobacco use, as Group-1 Reverse smoking, Group-2 Conventional smoking, Group-3 Smokeless tobacco group and each group consists of 150 subjects.ResultsReverse smoking was observed to be more prevalent among old females with smoker’s palate and carcinomatous lesions being the most common. Conventional smoking was observed more in male patients with maximum occurrence of leukoplakia and tobacco associated melanosis. Smokeless tobacco habit was predominantly seen in younger males. Habit specific lesions like tobacco pouch keratosis, Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF), Quid induced lichenoid reaction were noticed in smokeless tobacco habit group except for erythroplakia which was noticed only in conventional smoking group and it was not significant statistically.ConclusionsIn the present study it was found that the usage of reverse smoking habit was most commonly seen in females and this habit is practiced in and surrounding areas of Bhimavaram with more occurrence of carcinoma compared to conventional smoking and smokeless tobacco.
Key words:Tobacco, reverse smoking, conventional smoking, smokeless tobacco, carcinoma.
Identification of oral cancer at an early curable stage not only aids in controlling the mortality and morbidity rate but also improves the quality of life of the patient. Indeed, regular monitoring of such life-threatening disease has held an imperative role in cancer diagnostics. Various light-based diagnostics are currently available to the clinician for early diagnosis of oral cancer. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is one such emerging light-based diagnostic modality that provides noninvasive, real-time images at a depth of 1.5-2 mm and can also be compared to corresponding histopathological sections, hence this procedure can also be referred as optical biopsy. This technique can also be used as an adjunct to histopathology in circumstances where large areas are needed to be examined, screening apprehensive patients, larger populations, and for regular monitoring of patients. The current article is a brief review that highlights basic principle, various versions, and applications of OCT in the diagnosis of oral cancer.
BACKGROUND Use of mouthwash has become widespread as a part of routine oral hygiene. Mouthwashes may have deleterious effects on oral tissues because of its low pH, high acid content and use of ethanol as an antiseptic agent. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional experimental study was conducted among 48 undergraduate dental students. Eight commercially available alcohol-containing mouthwashes, which are available in Indian market were selected for which the pH, total acid and ethanol content was estimated. 48 subjects were randomly divided into 8 groups. Unstimulated salivary samples were collected before rinsing, then subjects were asked to rinse with 10 mL mouthwash for 60 seconds and salivary samples were collected immediately after rinsing. Salivary pH before and after rinsing was estimated using digital pH meter. RESULTS Listerine original mouthwash was found to have lowest pH (3.84) and highest acid content (26.8%). High alcohol content was seen in Listerine fresh burst mouthwash (26%). Mean salivary pH before and after rinsing showed a significant difference among all the groups with highest mean salivary pH difference for Listerine fresh burst mouthwash (1.21). Post-hoc Turkey's analysis to compare the change in mean salivary pH between study groups showed a significant difference between Listerine original, Listerine fresh burst and Listerine cool mint mouthwash with other mouthwashes. CONCLUSION There was a significant reduction in salivary pH after rinsing with low pH, high acid and high alcohol-containing mouthwashes.
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