No abstract

Oral cancer is one of the most threatening diseases impairing the quality of life of the patient. Though many strategies are being employed for treatment of oral cancer, the eventual goal to cure cancer still remains elusive. Various drug delivery systems have been practiced to achieve better success in improving the survival rate of the patient. Until date, targeted drug delivery systems via nanoparticles are expected to be promising multi-functional platform in cancer therapeutics. The present article is a brief review of unique properties of nanoparticles and various nano drug delivery systems in oral cancer therapy.

Introduction: Identification of an individual is a prerequisite for certification of death and for personal, social, and legal reasons. Sex determination is one of the important parameters in forensic identification. Tooth being strongest component can resist bacterial decomposition and fire when rest of the body is damaged beyond recognition. Sexual dimorphism refers to the systemic difference in the form between individuals of different sexes within the same species. Teeth of various species are known to exhibit sexual dimorphism. The present study aims to evaluate the linear dimensions of permanent molars and canines for sex determination and to estimate their level of accuracy. Materials and methods: Sixty subjects were included in the study. Study casts were prepared and the dimensions of permanent canines and first permanent molars were measured as the greatest distance between the buccal and lingual surface as well as mesial and distal aspects of the crown by using digital vernier callipers. Results: Discriminant function analysis had shown that males have greater mean mesio-distal (MD) and bucco lingual (BL)/ labio-lingual (LL) dimensions for each tooth in comparison to females. Right upper canine showed the maximum accuracy followed by right lower and left upper canines. Out of four molars, right lower molar showed maximum accuracy of 86.7%. Conclusion: The present study showed the importance of linear dimensions of canines and molars in the assessment of sex and molars can be used as an alternative to canines when their evidence is missing in forensic investigations.

<p>Nuclear imaging is an exceptional branch of medical science that has been evolved in the latest decades in early diagnosis of a disease. The main underlying principle is that radioisotopes are injected in the body and emits gamma rays which are detected by special image receptors. Various nuclear imaging modalities include Scintigraphy, SPECT (Single photon emission computed tomography) and PET (Positron emission tomography) which can assess any functional changes that occur within a diseased cell. This article has essentially dealt with the fundamental principles of various nuclear imaging modalities and their applications in oral and maxillofacial region.</p>

Background: Osteoporosis is one of the most systemic diseases prevalent among the postmenopausal women attributing to the increased risk of occurrence of fractures. Hence, early detection of this disease is of utmost importance which can be determined by concentration of calcium in saliva and radiographically by quantitative radiomorphometric indices like panoramic mandibular Index (PMI).Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the salivary calcium levels and PMI in order to identify the risk group of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.Methods: A case-control study was carried out among 60 female subjects who were equally categorized into two groups. Salivary    calcium levels were calorimetrically assessed by spectrophotometry and PMI index was calculated using Digora software from the Digital Panoramic image obtained for individual patient.Results: The results had shown that salivary calcium among the case group was significantly higher than the control group (p value = 0.001) and PMI values among the case group were significantly lower than the control group (p value = 0.001).With the advancing duration of menopause, the salivary calcium levels were increasing and PMI values were found to be decreasing and both were statistically significant.Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that both salivary calcium and PMI can certainly be used as screening tools to identify the risk of osteoporosis among postmenopausal women.