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Direct somatic embryo formation (without intervening callus) from garlic clove basal tissue was induced in which the influence of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on various explants was examined. Medium added with 2.0 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.5 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) were the most effective PGR combination for somatic embryo induction. It induced embryos directly in 85.5% of the basal clove explant. Callus induction was also obtained from other parts of explant and 2.0 mg/l 2,4-D induced callusing in 86.5% of the inoculated explants. Protein, amino acid and alliin content were measured in callus and in embryos. Somatic embryos had more soluble protein and free amino acid compared to callus. HPTLC analysis revealed that alliin was significantly high in somatic embryos compared to undifferentiated callus tissue; the content was even more in older embryos. The present study of Allium indicates that the event of morphogenetic development including in vitro embryogeny can effectively be analysed by monitoring the changes of biochemical profiles.

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The shoot apex, leaf, nodal stem and internodal stem of Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) Bertoni were cultured on 21 different media, having different concentrations and combinations of auxins (2,4-D, IBA, NAA) and cytokinins (KIN, BA) supplemented to Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium. Besides these explants, the formed callus and developed shoots were also cultured. The tissue culture experiments resulted in establishment of cultures, swelling of explants, elongation of existing shoot, callus formation, caulogenesis, rhizogenesis and regeneration of plantlets, acclimatization of plantlets and ultimately development of micropropagation protocol. During acclimatization, the plantlets regained their photosynthetic efficiency and transpiration mechanism. The size of leaf also increased during acclimatization. In the present investigation a survival rate of 48% was found during hardening. Good callus formation and differentiation of shoots from formed callus showed the possibility of plant improvement through tissue culture.

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