Improved alliin yield in somatic embryos ofAllium sativumL. (cv. Yamuna safed) as analyzed by HPTLC

Abstract

Direct somatic embryo formation (without intervening callus) from garlic clove basal tissue was induced in which the influence of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on various explants was examined. Medium added with 2.0 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.5 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) were the most effective PGR combination for somatic embryo induction. It induced embryos directly in 85.5% of the basal clove explant. Callus induction was also obtained from other parts of explant and 2.0 mg/l 2,4-D induced callusing in 86.5% of the inoculated explants. Protein, amino acid and alliin content were measured in callus and in embryos. Somatic embryos had more soluble protein and free amino acid compared to callus. HPTLC analysis revealed that alliin was significantly high in somatic embryos compared to undifferentiated callus tissue; the content was even more in older embryos. The present study of Allium indicates that the event of morphogenetic development including in vitro embryogeny can effectively be analysed by monitoring the changes of biochemical profiles.

Alliin obtained from leaf extract of garlic grown underin situconditions possess higher therapeutic potency as analyzed in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

“…The leaf is the primary site for synthesis of cysteine sulfoxide (alliin) from where it gets translocated to other plant parts such as the bulb (Hughes et al, 2005;Nasim et al, 2009b). Earlier studies showed higher metabolite content including alliin in garlic cloves, but production and therapeutic efficiency of alliin in leaves have not been checked.…”

“…The plants were grown in earthenware pots having sandy loam soil (pH 7.2). The plants grown on agar medium (Murashige & Skoog, 1962), supplemented with 1 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.25 mg/L naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) at 25 ± 2°C in a culture room under a 16-h photoperiod provided by cool white fluorescent light (intensity 40 W/m 2) for 15 weeks, were taken as in situ grown plants (Nasim et al, 2009b). Alliin production was noted in leaves of 2-month-old plants and further investigations were carried out at the same time (data not shown).…”

“…An aliquot of 1 mL of 1 mg/L stock solution of alliin was taken and was further diluted with methanol to make the final volume to 10 mL (100 ng/mL). Chromatographic estimations were performed following Nasim et al (2009b).…”

“…The hypoglycemic activity of plant contributing to treatment of diabetes has been attributed to S-allyl cysteine sulfoxide, the main active principle localized in cloves (Jones et al, 2007;Nasim et al, 2009b). Literature suggests that garlic administration decreased serum glucose and enhanced contractile response to phenylephrine, significantly improved impaired endothelium-dependent relaxations, and increased serum antioxidant levels in diabetic rats (Baluchnejadmojarad et al, 2003;Eidi et al, 2005;Drobiova et al, 2009).…”

Quantitative determination of alliin in dried garlic cloves and products by high-performance thin-layer chromatography

“…Several methods of analyses for alliin such as spectrophotometry [15], gas chromatography [16], capillary electrophoresis [17], spectrophotometric methods [18], high performance liquid chromatography [19] and high performance thin layer chromatography [20][21][22] have been proposed. In recent years, due to low operation cost and high sample throughput, HPTLC gained much acceptance for its analytical interventions in herbal drugs and formulations.…”