This article addresses the ways in which the Third World emerged as a new referent in Greece and Spain in the ‘long 1960s'. It shows how ‘Thirdworldism’ emerged out of growing dissatisfaction with the Old Left’s defeatism and the ways in which, by way of the Cuban and Vietnamese example, radicals started to conceive their countries as US colonies. It also compares the ways in which Greek and Iberian Jacobins – some of whom came together in Paris after May ‘68 – formed a radical student diaspora. Examining the impact of extra-European anti-imperialist violence on the discourse and action of the most radical organizations that espoused the ‘armed struggle’ in both countries, the article shows that whereas Greek militants used violence only symbolically, their counterparts in Spain went all the way. The article finishes with the espousal of thirdworldist rhetoric by a new student generation in Greece leading to the mass uprising of November 1973, and a brief look at the afterlives of ETA and PAK, two of the most vocal exponents of this tendency, after the demise of the respective authoritarian regimes.
Nikolaos Papadogiannis. Militant around the Clock? Left-Wing Youth Politics, Leisure, and Sexuality in Post-Dictatorship Greece, 1974–1981. New York: Berghahn, 2015. x + 329 pp.
Kyttaro was an alternative club in the center of Athens during the Colonels' dictatorship. This article demonstrates how the affective economy and political energy of the live musical performances that took place there turned it into a vehicle of cultural and political contestation for the progressive youth of the time. It also challenges dominant periodizations in relation to the dictatorship, highlighting the continuities of cultural practices, group behavior, and youth protest. Lastly, drawing upon a range of sources, including oral testimonies with key figures in the music scene of the time, the article highlights the importance of sensorial and " from below" insights for the study of cultural phenomena.
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