Abstract. In irinotecan (CPT-11)-based chemotherapy, neutropenia and diarrhea are often induced. In the present study, the clinical significance of the concentration ratios of 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38) glucuronide (SN-38G) and SN-38 in the plasma in predicting CPT-11-induced neutropenia was examined. A total of 17 patients with colorectal cancer and wild-type UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT)1A1 gene were enrolled and treated with CPT-11 as part of the FOLFIRI regimen [CPT-11 and fluorouracil (5-FU)]. Blood was taken exactly 15 min following a 2-h continuous infusion of CPT-11. Plasma concentrations of SN-38, SN-38G and CPT-11 were determined by a modified high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The median, maximum and minimum values of plasma SN-38G/SN-38 ratios were 4.25, 7.09 and 1.03, respectively, indicating that UGT activities are variable among patients with the wild-type UGT1A1 gene. The plasma SN-38G/SN-38 ratios decreased with an increase in the trial numbers of chemotherapy (r= 0.741, p= 0.000669), suggesting that CPT-11 treatment suppresses UGT activity, and the low plasma SN-38G/SN-38 ratios resulted in the induction of greater neutropenia. However, in this analysis, 2 clearly separated regression lines were observed between plasma SN-38G/SN-38 ratios and neutropenia induction. In conclusion, UGT activity involved in SN-38 metabolism is variable among patients with the wild-type UGT1A1 gene, and each CPT-11 treatment suppresses UGT activity. One-point determination of the plasma SN-38G/SN-38 ratio may provide indications for the prediction of CPT-11-induced neutropenia and adjustment of the optimal dose, although further studies are required.
Evaluating the influences of human-machine interface (HMI) visual information is vital to developing the user-oriented and human-friendly equipment, robots, etc. We define HMI visual information as prior information, such as size, color, shape, etc. The relationship between prior information and the Kansei feeling is evaluated by surface electromyogram (sEMG). This study deals with object-grasping motion and measures sEMG signals during the motion. Prediction on object-grasping motion is predicted from sEMG signals and defined as Force Prediction (FP). Differences between prediction of HMI operation and actual results are assumed to influence on Kansei feeling concerning the operation. Subjects given different prior information calculate FP about plastic bottles when grasping them. Experimental results show that the FP differs even though the plastic bottles have the same weight. The influence of prior information on FP is visually plotted in a three-dimensional map which is called Size-Color-iEMG map, and its application is to HMI design.
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