Abstract. In irinotecan (CPT-11)-based chemotherapy, neutropenia and diarrhea are often induced. In the present study, the clinical significance of the concentration ratios of 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38) glucuronide (SN-38G) and SN-38 in the plasma in predicting CPT-11-induced neutropenia was examined. A total of 17 patients with colorectal cancer and wild-type UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT)1A1 gene were enrolled and treated with CPT-11 as part of the FOLFIRI regimen [CPT-11 and fluorouracil (5-FU)]. Blood was taken exactly 15 min following a 2-h continuous infusion of CPT-11. Plasma concentrations of SN-38, SN-38G and CPT-11 were determined by a modified high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The median, maximum and minimum values of plasma SN-38G/SN-38 ratios were 4.25, 7.09 and 1.03, respectively, indicating that UGT activities are variable among patients with the wild-type UGT1A1 gene. The plasma SN-38G/SN-38 ratios decreased with an increase in the trial numbers of chemotherapy (r= 0.741, p= 0.000669), suggesting that CPT-11 treatment suppresses UGT activity, and the low plasma SN-38G/SN-38 ratios resulted in the induction of greater neutropenia. However, in this analysis, 2 clearly separated regression lines were observed between plasma SN-38G/SN-38 ratios and neutropenia induction. In conclusion, UGT activity involved in SN-38 metabolism is variable among patients with the wild-type UGT1A1 gene, and each CPT-11 treatment suppresses UGT activity. One-point determination of the plasma SN-38G/SN-38 ratio may provide indications for the prediction of CPT-11-induced neutropenia and adjustment of the optimal dose, although further studies are required.
Robot-assisted laparoscopic resection for gastric GIST is a safe and feasible technique. The da Vinci Surgical System simplifies resecting and suturing the stomach with an appropriate margin.
This paper proposes a measurement system and computation method for 3D motion analysis in sports. The measurement system that consists of inertial and magnetic field sensors is able to measure 3-axis angular velocity, 3-axis acceleration and 3-axis magnetic field. We can easily perform the experiment in sports because this system is directly attached to the body. Introducing the sensor fusion algorithm using Kalman filter, we can avoid storage error by the drift of the gyro sensor. The computation method provides the angles by compensation of centrifugal and tangential acceleration and sensor fusion. In order to confirm the accuracy of this proposed system and computation method, we compared the value obtained by this system with the value obtained by a rotary encoder. It was found that the measurement system and computation method provided the accurate value. It is shown that the proposed method can be used for motion analysis in sports.
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