This paper demonstrates the development of optical temperature sensor based on the etched silica-based planar waveguide Bragg grating. Topics include design and fabrication of the etched planar waveguide Bragg grating optical temperature sensor. The typical bandwidth and reflectivity of the surface etched grating has been -0.2 nm and -9 %, respectively, at a wavelength of -1552 nm. The temperature-induced wavelength change is found to be slightly non-linear over -2oo·C temperature range. Typically, the temperature-induced fractional Bragg wavelength shift measured in this experiment is 0.0132 nmj"C with linear curve fit. Theoretical models with nonlinear temperature effect for the grating response based on waveguide and plate deformation theories agree with experiments to within acceptable tolerance.
PMMA remains the most popular material of bone cement for orthopaedic surgeries.
However, conventional PMMA bone cement still has some problems. For this, we suggested new
composite material (BBC) consisting of hydroxyapatite (45%), chitosan (10%) and PMMA. The
purpose of this study was to evaluate the bonding stress at the interface of PMMA with additives
and host bone using a rabbit model. After 6, 12 weeks of operation, the bonding stresses were
evaluated by measuring shear stress through push-out test. The results of the tests showed that after
6 weeks the shear stress of the BBC was 2.65±0.29MPa and the PMMA was 1.21±0.31MPa
(p<0.05). However, after 12 weeks, there were no significant differences between BBC and
conventional PMMA bone cement. In SEM analysis, bone surface of BBC showed higher
roughness than that of conventional PMMA bone cement after push-out test. From the study we
conducted, addition of HA particles and chitosan to conventional PMMA bone cement showed
promising results. The BBC has clinical potential of bone substitutes replacing conventional
PMMA.
The equation of the particle collection efficiency proposed by Deutsch has been modified through the various experiments to correct the errors caused by the assumptions made for the equation. In order to get an modified Deutsch equation that can be applied to real conditions, a pilot scale electrostatic precipitator is used. The effects of operational variables on the particle collection efficiency are evaluated. Particle resistivity, gas temperature, moisture contents in gas, gas velocity and particle concentration are used as the operational variables. Two different types of coal fly-ash obtained from the fluidized bed combustor and the pulverized coal combustor are used as test particulate to evaluate the effect of the physiochemical and electrical characteristics of the particle on the particle collection efficiency. The experimental results are fitted with the modified Deutsch equation made by Matts-Ohnfeldt and the extended Deutsch equation made by E. C. Potter to evaluate the effect of the particle characteristics and the operational conditions on the particle collection efficiency of the electrostatic precipitator.
The influence of film property on dynamic behavior of the coated glass plate under foreign object impact is studied by the developed numerical simulation program. To analysis the impact responses, a powerful numerical simulation in conjunction with the Reddy's theory and a generalized power method is suggested. The properties of films of coated glass, i. e. the elastic modulus, change, but not the properties of glass. Four typical film and glass combinations, namely, α=1, 2, 5, and 10are assumed. We can see that as α increases, the contact force becomes smaller and plate deflection increases. That is to say, the impact response in α=1 is much faster than that α=10. And also, we can observe that as the ratio α increases from the results of the stress analysis through the thickness, the risk of failure of the film and the glass interface is less.
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