Telecommunication or power transmission lattice towers may be in need of strengthening due to enhanced operational requirements of 5G systems or extension and upgrading of existing power lines. The members of such towers are mostly angle sections that are conventionally strengthened by a second profile to become a built‐up member. As an alternative, hybrid strengthening of tower angle members with carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) plates may be employed. The present paper provides experimental tests on hybrid angles that include bending tests and compression tests carried out in the frame of the RFCS research project ANGELHY. In 3‐point bending tests the specimens were subjected to loading along the principal and the geometric axes. They allow the definition of the bending capacity and the development of appropriate design rules for hybrid cross‐sections. The compression tests were performed on specimens of different length and loading eccentricity, with FRPs attached to one or both sides of the legs. Important parameters influencing the buckling capacity were detected.
Es werden vier Großversuche an freistehenden Fachwerkmasten aus Winkelprofilen vorgestellt, die im Rahmen des RFCS‐ (Research Fund for Coal and Steel) Forschungsprojekts ANGELHY durchgeführt wurden. Die Maste werden durch eine horizontale Kraft am Mastkopf belastet. Die Belastung erfolgt entweder parallel zu den Seiten oder über Eck. Je nach Ausbildung und Querschnittsauswahl versagen die Stiele oder die Verbandsdiagonalen. In diesem Beitrag werden zunächst die Versuche vorgestellt. Darauf folgend werden die Versuche mittels numerischer Analysen und Nachweise der Tragelemente nach gültigen Normenbestimmungen nachgerechnet. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Rechenmodelle die Versagensformen richtig erfassen. Allerdings zeigt sich auch, dass die Nachweisregeln des Eurocode 3 konservativ und änderungsbedürftig sind. Es wurde dann ein zweites Berechnungsmodell getestet, bei dem sowohl die numerische Berechnung als auch die Tragfähigkeitsnachweise auf detaillierteren Annahmen beruhen. Die Anwendung dieses Rechenmodells führt zu genaueren Ergebnissen bezogen auf die Laborversuche und zu einer Tragfähigkeitserhöhung von ungefähr 10–30 % im Vergleich zum vereinfachten Eurocode‐3‐Rechenmodell.
Purpose
Research and anecdotal clinical work indicate that complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) in families that have children and adults who have a learning disability and/or are autistic may be prevalent. This paper aims to provide a preliminary formulation of complex trauma in families.
Design/methodology/approach
This report is based on a review of clinical psychotherapeutic work with six families. The themes are derived from the assessment period through examining the assessment reports and clinical supervision notes for thematic patterns.
Findings
This report suggests that the prevalence of CPTSD in families of people who have a learning disability and/or are autistic needs to be researched across the family lifecycle and that there are specific factors that mediate complex trauma symptomatology.
Originality/value
CPTSD symptomatology in these families is inadequately conceptualised and this is one of the first papers suggesting this as a potentially helpful framework to consider the experiences of families.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.