The size-tunable synthesis of metal nanoparticles (MNPs) is important for revealing their size-dependent unique properties and practical applications. Here, we developed a size-tunable synthesis method based on the LaMer model for the synthesis of a silver nanoparticle (Ag NP) in an alkylamine mixture. With this method, the diameter of Ag NPs was controlled within the 7−16 nm range via the stepwise thermal decomposition of silver oxalate (Ag 2 (ox)). The key to the success of this novel synthesis method was the removal of the counteranion, the oxalate ion, from the reaction medium by converting it into carbon dioxide gas. Through this conversion, the thermal decomposition of Ag 2 (ox) was managed and the size of the Ag NPs was controlled. Finally, Ag NP films with different particle diameters were fabricated through the Langmuir−Blodgett (LB) method to tune the plasmon resonance band generated by interparticle coupling, yielding multicolored films with various intercoupled plasmon bands.
Head impacts during blind football are common and have high injury rates; however, their characteristics and impact are still underreported. We compared head impact characteristics in blind football players with and without falls on all 18 official blind football match videos from the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic games. The rate of head impacts with falls was significantly higher in the preliminary phase, offense phase, and during dribbling. Significant differences in the region of the head impacted were also observed among the impact subjects/objects. The findings in this study would contribute to the development of injury prevention measures to minimize head injuries from head impact in blind football.
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