This paper describes a fully automated on-line method combining in-tube solid-phase microextraction (SPME) in which sample clean-up and enrichment are conducted through an open tubular fused-silica capillary column and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) detection for the determination of six butyrophenone derivatives (moperone, floropipamide, haloperidol, spiroperidol, bromperidol, and pimozide) in human plasma samples. The six butyrophenones were extracted by repeatedly aspirating and dispensing plasma sample solutions on a DB-17 capillary column (60 cm x 0.32 mm i.d., film thickness 0.25 microm). The analytes retained on the inner surface of the capillary column were then eluted into an acetonitrile-rich mobile phase using a gradient separation technique. Extraction efficiencies ranged from 12.7% to 31.8% for moperone, spiroperidol, and pimozide, and from 1.08% to 4.86% for floropipamide, haloperidol, and bromperidol. The regression equations for all compounds showed excellent linearity, ranging from 0.05 to 50 ng/0.1 mL of plasma, except for moperone and spiroperidol (0.01 to 50 ng/0.1 mL). The limits of detection and quantification in plasma for each drug were 0.03-0.2 and 0.1-0.5 ng/mL, respectively. The intra- and inter-day coefficients of variation for all compounds in plasma were not greater than 13.7%.
Amorphous carbon films have several outstanding tribology characteristics, including high hardness, surface smoothness, and low friction. Under tribological conditions, their surface is generally exposed to high-temperature and pressure. Although the structure of amorphous carbon films is likely changed by high temperature and pressure, there have been no reports on such structural changes of the films. To obtain information about their structural changes, synchrotron X-ray diffraction was used to analyze two kinds of amorphous carbon films, a-C:H and a-C:H:Si, under high-temperature and high-hydrostatic pressure conditions. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction was applied to films pressurized by a multi-anvil press installed in the PF-AR NE5C beamline at KEK at room temperature and at a high-temperature around 200ºC. The pair distribution functions derived by Fourier transformation of the obtained scattering intensity profiles showed that the sp 2 /sp 3 ratios for both films decreased as the pressure increased and that the sp 2 /sp 3 ratio for the a-C:H film increased as the
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.