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A method for the heat treatment of human IgG solution at 60 °C for 10 h was established. Human immunodeficiency, mumps, vaccinia and 4 other viruses were added to the IgG solution in 33% sorbitol and heated at 60 °C. Those viruses were inactivated within 1 h. Heat-treated intravenous IgG (IVIG-H) was prepared by heat treatment and polyethylene glycol (PEG) fractionation. Conventional nonheated intravenous IgG (IVIG-C) was prepared from the same source paste by the fractionation method. No physicochemical or biological difference was observed between the heated and control IVIG preparations.

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Background Gastric mixed neuroendocrine–non-neuroendocrine neoplasms are rare malignant tumors. The lack of specific findings makes it difficult to diagnose endoscopically. We report the case of early gastric mixed neuroendocrine–non-neuroendocrine neoplasms treated by endoscopic submucosal dissection. Case presentation An 81-year-old Japanese female underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy for screening and was treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection for the diagnosis of early gastric cancer. Histopathologically, the lesion was diagnosed as mixed neuroendocrine–non-neuroendocrine neoplasms (tubular adenocarcinoma 2 60%, endocrine cell carcinoma 40%), pT1b(submucosa (SM) 900 μm), pUL(−), Ly(+), v(−), pHM0, pVM0. After additional surgical resection without adjuvant chemotherapy, she has had no recurrences or metastases for 3 years. Conclusions Comparing narrow-band imaging magnified endoscopic findings with pathological findings, the depressed area with a lack of surface structure was consistent with the neuroendocrine cell carcinoma component, while narrow-band imaging magnification findings showed non-network vessels. In this case, we examined endoscopic findings of early stage mixed neuroendocrine—non-neuroendocrine neoplasms in detail and compared it with the pathological findings. We believe that these endoscopic findings contribute to the diagnosis of mixed neuroendocrine–non-neuroendocrine neoplasms and can lead to its early detection.

We propose a new modulation technique for phase-sensitive detection to extract a cross-term signal appearing in multi-pulse experiments and demonstrate the selective detection of cross-term signal on two-pulse correlation measurements. This modulation technique can be widely applied to the selective detection in multi-beam laser experiments such as two-pulse correlation, auto-correlation, and double-resonance experiments, because the selectivity can be realized by using a conventional single-frequency mechanical chopper and 2f phase-sensitive detection. The effectiveness of the proposed technique was confirmed by two-pulse correlation measurements of two-photon-excited fluorescence from rhodamine 6G. In addition to the selective observation of a correlation peak, the technique succeeded in observing a weak correlation background. By combining asymmetric, two-pulse correlation measurements with the proposed technique, it was clarified that the background was produced by a three-photon process and assigned to fluorescence depletion caused by an up-conversion process. The results indicate that the cross-term selective, two-pulse correlation method that is based on the phase-shifted parallel modulation technique is powerful tool to find and analyze a high-order optical event buried in a low-order optical event.