Aim: This research aimed to analyze the presence of microbial contamination and antibiotic residue in beef meat from city slaughterhouses in East Java Province, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 samples from city slaughterhouses were used in this study. The tests for microbial contamination used several methods including total plate count (TPC), most probable number of Escherichia coli, detection of Staphylococcus aureus using Mannitol Salt Agar media, Salmonella spp. detection using Bismuth Sulfite Agar media and Triple Sugar Iron Agar media, and detection of the antibiotic residue by screening tests. Results: Most of the samples were contaminated with E. coli (32.5% positive samples) and S. aureus (20.0% positive samples). The mean values of TPC and S. aureus contamination were lower than the maximum limit of contamination, which were 41.58 CFU/g and 13.93 CFU/g, respectively, while the mean value of E. coli contamination was 27.03 CFU/g which was higher than the maximum limit. A low frequency of TPC (5% positive samples) and Salmonella spp. contamination (2.5% positive samples) was found in meat samples. Meat samples from two of the surveyed slaughterhouses were tested positive for antibiotic residue and six of the 40 samples (15%) were also tested positive for the antibiotic residue. Conclusion: It was concluded that most of the microbial contamination in beef meat from city slaughterhouses was below the maximum limit of contamination and only two slaughterhouses were found antibiotic residues in the meat samples.

Asian white shrimp or can be called vannamei shrimp has the Latin name Litopenaeus vannamei has native habitat in coastal waters and American sea waters. This research was carried out in September 2018 in the Asian white shrimp farming business unit Tanjung Putih Village Sepulu District Bangkalan District and in Penatar Sewu Village Tanggulangin District Sidoarjo Regency. This study population used 3 pond plots in Asian white shrimp culture in Tanjung Putih Village, Sepulu District, Bangkalan District and in Penatar Sewu Village Tanggulangin District Sidoarjo Regency. Sample size is determined from the amount of shrimp fry capacity stocked. The sampling technique was carried out by researchers by following activities in the field, census and visiting respondents directly on the farm or in the farmer's group home to obtain the information and data needed. The results showed that the best feed management was obtained the best results on the 4 sample ponds in Sidoarjo with an average final weight growth rate of 9.73 grams at the first partial harvest, 83% Feed Efficiency, and a 90% survival rate. As for the lowest feed management results obtained in sample ponds 1 Bangkalan with a yield of 6.98% growth, feed efficiency by 71% and survival rate of 86%. As for the results of the analysis of vannamei shrimp aquaculture business at different locations in Bangkalan and Sidoarjo districts, it was concluded that the best Production BEP was obtained in Sidoarjo's 4 sample ponds, amounting to 1427 kg. The best R / C ratio and Payback period is the average sample obtained in Sidoarjo. The conclusion of the best feed management and business analysis results is on the sidoajo sample ponds, the sidoarjo sample shows decent and efficient results.

Black Soldier Fly Larvae (BSFL) is an alternative protein source for livestock. This research aimed to know the effectiveness of BSFL for commercial feed substitution, related to production, productivity, and profitability in quail farm. This study used 80 quails which divided into 4 groups and each group consist of 20 quails. The treatments contained BSFL substitution with different composition, control group (P0) was given 100% commercial feed, (P1) was given a 5% BSFL substitution, (P2) was given a 10% BSFL substitution and (P3) was given a 20% BSFL substitution. Contribution margin (CM) analysis was used to determine the yields of the groups in this study. Results showed that the highest feed consumption rate is in P3, production (egg in total and weight), productivity and yields in P3 is the highest, although there's no difference between P0, P2 and P3 based on the analysis MANOVA.  BSFL substitution at 20% is recommended to the farmers to increase profits.

Semen storage in cold temperatures might cause an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. This condition resulted in spermatozoa damage and quality decrease. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of α-tocopherol supplementation in diluents on the motility, viability, and plasma membrane integrity of Simmental bull spermatozoa after cooling. Semen samples were diluted in skim milk egg yolk supplemented with 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mM α-tocopherol respectively for control, Tl, T2, and T3. Spermatozoa were evaluated for their motility, viability, and membrane integrity in cooling temperature (5°C). The daily evaluation showed that 1.5 mM α-tocopherol was the best in maintaining motility, viability, and plasma membrane integrity, while 1.0 mM α-tocopherol was only good for maintaining viability. Therefore, it can be concluded that α-tocopherol at the concentration of 1.5 mM was an efficient antioxidant supplement for Simmental cattle semen in skim milk egg yolk diluent.

This study aimed to determine the effect of the addition of fermented moringa leaf powder on feed consumption, egg weight, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) of laying ducks. 60 laying ducks were randomized into four treatments i.e. (P0) 0% Moringa leaf powder fermentation, (P1) 0.5% Moringa leaf powder fermentation, (P2) 1% Moringa leaf powder fermentation, and (P3) 1.5% Moringa leaf fermentation. Treatment of concentration refered in 100% commercial feed for 3 weeks. The results showed that the adding of Moringa leaf powder fermentation to feed consumption in each treatment showed significantly different results (p <0.05) in each treatment, with the highest consumption at P2 (176.21 ± 0.92) and the lowest at P0 (158.21 ± 1.07). The results of the study on duck egg weight showed that P1, P2, P3 were significantly different with P0. The highest egg weight in P2 is (70.50 ± 0.34) and the lowest is P0 (66.98a ± 0.29). FCR of laying duck in each treatment showed significantly different results in each treatment, with the highest at P0 (3,81± 0,34) and the lowest at P2 (3,27 ± 0,09). In conclusion, the addition of 1% Moringa leaf powder in 100% of commercial feed can increase feed consumption, increase egg weight and decrease FCR.

Larvae are the longest phase in the life cycle of Black Soldier Fly (BSF), making them classified as bioconversion agents. This study aims to determine the protein and fat levels of Black Soldier Fly larvae that are fed with different organic wastes (cabbage, tomatoes, carrots and a mixture of all three). This study is an experimental study using a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and six replications. The four treatments are P1 (6 kg mixed cabbage, tomato, and carrot waste), P2 (6 kg cabbage waste), P3 (6 kg tomato waste), and P4 (6 kg carrot waste). The research was conducted for 12 days using 5day-old larvae. Collected data were analyzed using a one-way Variance of Analysis (ANOVA) method. The results showed a significant difference (P <0.01) between mixed media, cabbage media, tomato media, and carrot media with the highest average protein content found in tomato media 11,4267. While the fat level test did not show a significant difference (P> 0.05) with the highest average fat content found in carrot media by 0.9533. The nutrition of Black Soldier Fly larvae is greatly influenced by the breeding media. Different nutrients will cause different nutrient content in the larvae.

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Aim:The purpose of this study was to know the genetic and biochemical identification of isolated lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from Balinese bovine (Bos sondaicus) intestinal waste, acidity, and ox bile salts and to inhibit the growth pathogen of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and the potential of those isolated to improve nutrient value of wheat pollard as animal feed ingredient by fermentation process.Materials and Methods:This research was divided into three stages. The first stage, isolated LAB were obtained from the bovine intestines at a slaughterhouse in Indonesia. Small intestinal samples were collected from 10 healthy Balinese beef cattle (B. sondaicus). The isolated LAB were identified by VITEK 2, polymerase chain reaction, and 16S rDNA. The basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) was performed to determine the phylogenetic tree. The second stage, the LAB were screened for their tolerance at pH 2, 3, and 4; bile salt, and antagonistic to enteric pathogen. In the third stage, to determine the potency of this isolate to increase nutrient content of wheat pollard by facultative anaerobe fermentation for 3 and 5 days.Results:The result of the first stage showed that the isolate could be identified as Lactobacillus casei WPL 315. The result of the second stage showed that the isolate tolerance to low pH (pH 2, pH 3, and pH4) for 90 min and 24 h, and this isolate had viability tolerance in 0.3% bile salt. The isolate can inhibit S. aureus and E. coli. The result of the third stage by proximate analysis showed that crude protein increased by 23.08% after fermentation, while crude fiber decreased by 61.24% on the level 0.5% L. casei subsp. WPL 315 in the 3-day fermentation.Conclusion:Based on the results, it showed that L. casei WPL 315 derived from indigenous intestinal Balinese beef cattle (B. sondaicus) has tolerant characteristic on acidity and ox bile salts, has antagonistic effect against E. coli and S. aureus, and has the ability to increase crude protein and decrease crude fiber content of wheat pollard. It would be interesting to determine whether the strain has a probiotic candidate.