Background: Children constitute the main target population for Health Literacy (HL) research. There is limited academic agreement and measurement regarding the knowledge and skills of children concerning making health decisions. Objectives: This review aimed to address this gap of data by providing an outline of current studies of HL in childhood. Moreover, we attempted to comprehend available theories and models concerning the needs and characteristics of children. Methods: Six databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing, Educational Resources Information Centre (ERIC), Web of Science, and Allied Health Literatures (CINAHL) were systematically searched using relevant keywords regarding HL and childhood. We included the relevant publications of up to July 2019. Interventional and cross-sectional studies with main focuses on generic HL and relevant content for conceptualizing and defining HL in children were included in this research. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline was used to design this review study. Results: Overall, 25 studies conceptualized and defined HL; 8 definitions and 9 models have specifically focused on children aged 3-18 years. HL in children is defined as several main dimensions, each emerging as a collection of related ability, knowledge, and skills that allow an individual to derive at health-promoting actions and decisions, and approach health data, effectively. Conclusions: Identified models and definitions are highly diverse, signifying HL concepts are complex, multidimensional, and constructive. HL has been conceptualized as an action qualification, with the main attention on individual attributes, and understanding its interrelationship with sociocontextual factors. Life phase specialty is mostly conceptualized from disregarding children's specific needs, developmental viewpoint, susceptibilities, and social structures poorly synthesized within most definitions and models.

BackgroundThe considerable growth in the number of patients with breast cancer leads to substantial pressure on healthcare services; however, the main measures that will evaluate what is important to the key stakeholders in improving the quality of breast cancer care are not well defined.ObjectiveThis study aimed to synthesize providers’ and patients’ experiences and perspectives regarding barriers and quality breast cancer care in health services.MethodsPubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, Web of Knowledge, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched, and articles published in English up to August 2020 were screened. Two reviewers independently screened all articles. Data were obtained directly from different stakeholder groups including patients, health providers, and professionals.ResultsThe search strategy identified 21 eligible articles that met inclusion criteria and reported perspectives of 847 health providers and 24 601 patients regarding healthcare quality. Health providers and patients with breast cancer noted information needs, psychosocial support, responsibility for care, and coordination of care as important quality improvement characteristics of the healthcare system.ConclusionShifting to high-quality breast cancer care would likely be a complicated process, and there is a need for the cancer care services to consider important characteristics of quality cancer care as a care priority, that is, to be responsive.Implication for PracticeBreast cancer survivorship care programs and interventions may need to consider the barriers or common challenges to care noted in this review, especially regarding information sharing and the need for social support and care cooperation.