problemS of economic Security in ruSSian tranSportation and intermediate carrier infraStructure
The presented study examines the neo-institutional and behavioral concept of labor productivity using an interdisciplinary approach.Aim. The study aims to conduct an empirical assessment of labor productivity using the fundamental provisions of the neo-institutional and behavioral economic theory.Tasks. The authors determine the attitude of workers to their labor productivity and analyze the results of a statistical sample survey using an interdisciplinary approach.Methods. This study uses analytical and content research methods, including a sample survey of workers, the results of which are processed using economic, statistical, and mathematical methods. Results. The surveyed workers show signs of labor (economic) and social inertia, which may be due to the dominance of informal institutions over the perception of labor and low efficiency of formal norms and rules that regulate labor relations in modern society. The authors propose a reformation of the institutions that provide benefits (including pension and medical benefits) to the working population and the citizens who do not declare income officially. This proposal is based on the assumption that greater responsibility of workers for their future improves the efficiency and effectiveness of their labor. The obtained results and conclusions presented in the study can be used in the development of federal and regional socio-economic programs and in the creation of personified approaches to employee motivation in organizations and enterprises in the real and financial sector of the economy.Conclusions. Labor productivity should be viewed not only as a result of the labor activity of workers, but also as the ability of an individual to use knowledge, skills, and abilities to achieve top performance, including in areas that ensure the most equitable distribution of socio-economic benefits.
This paper reviews the basic problems of economic security in infrastructural ensuring of the implementation of transportation and intermediate carrier potential of Russia: development and reconstruction of communication lines, usage of innovative transportation methods, building a network of transportation and logistics centers, development of regional airport hubs and others. Particular attention is paid to the problems of transportation and transit potential implementation of Siberia and the Far East. It is shown that the increase of transit facilities in the territory of Russia takes place in a competitive market of infrastructure projects. At the same time it is emphasized that along with exhausting the possibilities of commodity economy development, a natural competitive advantage of Russia as a transport bridge between Europe, Asia and America will be implemented in full force.
The article discusses the problems, risks, trends in the development of the world economy at the beginning of 2022 and the mechanisms translating the negative impacts of the world economic system to the Russian economy in the context military special operation in Ukraine and increased sanctions pressure. Goal. To identify and analyze new problems, risks and trends in the development of the world economy after the outbreak of the military conflict in Ukraine on February 24, 2022, as well as mechanisms for relaying the negative impacts of the world economic system to the Russian economy in new conditions. Objectives. Analysis of the impact of the military conflict in Ukraine on the main macroeconomic indicators of the development of the world economy; study of the socio-economic consequences of the conflict in Ukraine on individual countries, groups of countries and regions; analysis of new sanctions measures imposed against Russia by other countries; analysis of the impact of new sanctions measures and negative impacts of the world economic system on the main macroeconomic indicators of the development of the Russian economy. Methodology. The methods of system analysis, classification and comparison, evolutionary-institutional theory and historical approach were applied in the course of the study. Results. Despite the fact that the conflict in Ukraine is local and only two countries are directly involved in the fighting, occupying a fairly small share in world GDP and world trade, the socio-economic consequences of this conflict are global in nature and will affect most regions and countries of the world. This is due to the fact that Russia and Ukraine are the main suppliers to the world markets of a number of raw materials and agricultural goods. In 2022, a rather serious reduction in the main macroeconomic indicators of the Russian economy is predicted. Such deep rates of decline in GDP and gross fixed capital accumulation have not been observed in Russia since the crisis of 2009 and the transformational crisis of the early 1990s. Conclusions. One of the main challenges for the Russian economy at the moment is the issue of the ability of structural adjustment to move away from commodity dependence in the face of sanctions restrictions on the export of new technologies to Russia and the outflow of highly qualified specialists from the country.
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