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-Today, and for the foreseeable future, organizations will face ever-increasing levels of complexity and uncertainty. Many believe that enterprise architecture (EA) will help organizations address such difficult terrain by guiding the design of adaptive and resilient enterprises and their information systems. This paper presents the "Grand Challenges" that we believe will challenge organizations in the future and need to be addressed by enterprise architecture. As a first step in using enterprise architecture as a solution for overcoming identified challenges, the Zachman Enterprise Architecture Framework is used to guide and structure the discussion. The paper presents the "Grand Challenges" and discusses promising theories and models for addressing them. In addition, current advances in the field of enterprise architecture that have begun to address the challenges will be presented. In conclusion, final thoughts on the future of enterprise architecture as a research field and a profession are offered.

Highlights• We propose a new paradigm for next generation enterprise information systems for the continuous alignment of business and IT for the agile enterprise.• The metamodelling approach supports both human-interpretable enterprise architecture models and machineinterpretable enterprise ontologies.• Semantic lifting transforms metamodels for the enterprise architectures into machine-interpretable enterprise ontologies.• Semantic metamodels express the semantics of all modelling concepts by an ontology. The ontology is extended by a metamodel, which defines the notation and syntax of the graphical modelling language.• Examples of next generation enterprise information systems are described, which embed modelling tools and algorithms for model analysis, identification of adaptation needs, and risk assessment.Abstract-The paper deals with Next Generation Enterprise Information Systems in the context of Enterprise Engineering. The continuous alignment of business and IT in a rapidly changing environment is a grand challenge for today's enterprises. The ability to react timeously to continuous and unexpected change is called agility and is an essential quality of the modern enterprise. Being agile has consequences for the engineering of enterprises and enterprise information systems. We propose a new paradigm for next generation enterprise information systems, which shifts the development approach of model-driven engineering to continuous adaptation of the agile enterprise. We propose a metamodeling approach, which supports both humaninterpretable representations, i.e. graphical models, and machine-interpretable representations, namely enterprise ontologies. Furthermore, we describe next generation enterprise information systems, which embed modeling tools and algorithms for model analysis.Keywords-Enterprise Engineering, Enterprise Architecture, Enterprise Ontology, Metamodeling Topic-Engineering the agile enterprise, embedding enterprise architecture and enterprise ontology into information systems 2

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Abstract:The knowledge maturing model views learning activities as embedded into, interwoven with, and even indistinguishable from everyday work processes. Learning is understood as an inherently social and collaborative activity. The Knowledge Maturing Process Model structures this process into five phases: expressing ideas, distributing in communities, formalizing, ad-hoc learning and standardization. It is applicable not only for content but also to process knowledge and semantics. In the MATURE IP two toolsets will be develop that support the maturing process: a personal learning environment and an organisation learning environment integrating the levels of individuals, communities and organisation. The development is guided by the SER theory of seeding, evolutionary growth and reseeding and is based on generally applicable maturing services.

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In this study, the literature on strategic alignment, strategy modeling and infrastructure architecture modeling has been analyzed and a prototype has been developed for modeling business strategy and IT strategy as well as the relationship between. This modeling technique allows improving the business and IT alignment based on the Strategic Alignment Model of Henderson and Venkatraman. The modeling language is an extension and adaptation of the Business Motivation Model of OMG. The elements, which constitute the overall strategy, can belong to a business view, an IT view or to both. Due to this feature, it is possible to visualize the IT view (IT strategy) or the business view (business strategy) of the generic strategy separately. A concrete example shows how a strategy may be developed.