The squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) antigen was determined by radioimmunoassay in the serum of 40 untreated patients with SCC of the oromaxillofacial region. The mean (+/- SEM) serum concentration for these patients (3.8 +/- 0.8 ng/ml) was significantly higher than that of 52 disease-free patients coming to routine postoperative care (1.2 +/- 0.1 ng/ml) and of 74 healthy controls (1.1 +/- 0.07 ng/ml). Using a arbitrary limit of 2.2 ng/ml, pathologic serum levels of SCC were observed in 15 (38%) of 40 untreated patients, whereas only four (7.7%) of 52 tumor-free patients revealed an elevated serum SCC. Serial measurements of SCC were pretherapeutically available in 28 patients as well as during individual therapy and further follow-up. All but one of these patients had a normal serum SCC postoperatively. The authors' results demonstrate that the clinical value of SCC lies mainly in monitoring the course of the disease. Careful follow-up studies should be undertaken to determine whether serial determination of SCC is promising in early prediction of tumor reoccurrence.
Für den Verantwortungsbereich des BMVBS ist das kürzlich eingeführte Lastmodell LM1 für die Verkehrslasten auf Brücken ohne weitere Reduktionen für alle neuen Brückenbauwerke anzusetzen. Dies führt jedoch leider gerade im Bereich der Kommunen zu teilweise konservativen Ergebnissen, da die geometrischen Abmessungen von kommunalen Brücken deutlich von den "üb-lichen" Abmessungen von Autobahnen und Bundesstraßen abweichen können und die Belastung aus dem LM1 durch den realen Verkehr nicht erzeugt werden kann. Es werden Vorschläge präsentiert, wie bei bestimmten geometrischen Randbedingungen und abhängig vom statischen System eine weitere Abminderung des LM1 möglich ist, ohne das Sicherheitsniveau zu verlassen. Die Arbeit entstand in enger Zusammenarbeit mit den Städten Frankfurt/Main, Leipzig und Stuttgart. Adjusted Traffic Load for Bridges under Communal ResponsibilityRecently the traffic loads of bridges of the EC1 have been introduced in Germany under the responsibility of the Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Affairs. Usually the Load Model LM1 has to be used for all new bridge structures with the adjusted values of α Q1 = 0,8, α Q2 = 0,8, α Q3 = 0. A further classification has not been defined. This makes sense for the highway bridges and federal road bridges, because usually they have longer spans where a further reduction of the α-values is not justified. In the sphere of influence of cities and villages the situation is totally different, because many bridges are short and are buildt as single span girder bridges or single frame bridges. In case of those bridges the LM1 leads to conservative results because the geometry and the total weight and the axle weight of the real lorries are limited and cannot develop those high inner forces and moments.The authors developed a proposal for further reduction of the α-values dependent on the geometry and the statical system of the bridge without leaving the safety level of the Eurocode. Also for strengthening existing bridges these values can be used. The development has been undertaken in colaboration with the civil engineering offices in Frankfurth/Main, Leipzig and Stuttgart.
SCOUT a seam tracker system designed for precise machining with the capability to position the axes ofa industrial robot or gantry in space (three dimensions). This system was developed to meet the positioning accuracy of±O,05 mm (±0,0127 inch) and path above 20m/min (800 1PM) for laser welding as well as e.g. sealing or gluing. With SCOUT system it is not necessaiy to define a welding path with the very time consuming teachin process. SYSTEM COMPONENTSSCOUT is an image-processing system for three-dimensional seam following which comprises a sensor head and an eva luation unit. The opto-electronic sensor head, mounted directly on the robot's band, i.e. preceding the 1aserwelding nozzle, projects a line pattern onto the workpiece. An industrial camera generates the video image oftbis line pattern, which is digitized and then evaluated by the SCOUT real-time image-processing system. Hardware components ofthe SCOUT computer, based on VME bus, are system processor (CPU), frame grabber card (IPP) and the actual real-time signal processing unit (SPU). Hardware core are ASIC's for fast grey-scale data reduction and transfer to six DSP's in parallel architecture. The three-dimensional seam data (X Y, Z) and the orientation ofthe workpiece are transmitted to robot I gantiy control via special interface. A variety ofstandard interfaces allows control ofexternal equipment e.g. high power laser or filler rod feed. PRINCiPLE OF MEASUREMENT 1 Redundant light section methodA pattern offive parallel lines is projected at an angle onto the contour ofthe workpiece. A vertical looking CCD camera generates the video image ofthis pattern. The step at the seam is identified as offset ofpart ofthe line pattern The number offive lines was selected to eliminate ambiguities and to generate max five points along the seam vithin one video frame. Minimum three lines have to be identified to utilize this particular video frame. The density ofdata points along the seam is extremely high and data points ofone video frame overlap the preceding frame mostly, so that even the lack ofcomplete frames does not affect systems reliability and precision. Only path velocities above 40m/min (1570 1PM) will not generate overlapping video pictures. Additionally the position ofthe five lines enables the image processor to generate information of all three coordinates of the seam in space !!4bothangles ofthe surface normal in the center oftbe video picture. Grey-scale evaluationGrey-scale evaluation is applied for buttjoint or scribed line following. Contrast enhancement is achieved by homogenious illumination of sensors field of view. This way X and Y coordinates of the seam are defined. Combination of both, light section and grey-scale method allowes complex 3D seam following along butt-joint or even scbed lines. 0819413275/94/$6.O0 SP1E Vol. 2062 / 81 Downloaded From: http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/ on 06/20/2016 Terms of Use: http://spiedigitallibrary.org/ss/TermsOfUse.aspx
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