The design of small water reservoirs in Slovakia and neighbouring countries has common origins in the middle of the last century. Most of them were an alternative source of water for irrigation of field crops. Nowadays, we have to face new problems, such as the problems with the design of hydrological data and real current discharges, the problems with original and new design of the flood wave for the solution of the safety overflow. All of Q 100 flows recorded nowadays are much higher than those which had been designed and built. The safety overflows no longer answer the purpose of the contemporary flows. The problems with the Framework Directive are also importantsmall water reservoirs are not resolved in the Directive as the water bodies of stagnant water because they have an area of less than 0.5 km 2. The same problem is also with the preservation of continuity of the flow and the fact that they should let the fish pass. Unfortunately, the state, administrators of small dams, operators and nature conservationists have different points of view on the above-mentioned problems. The article elaborates these problems and suggests possible solutions to the problems.
The existence of a small number of publications dealing with the impact of solid sodium humate and lignite on the quantity and quality of grown crops was the reason for establishing the field experiment. The objective of this experiment was to detect the impact of solid lignite and solid sodium humate on the quantity and quality of spring barley yield. These substances were applied into the soil either independently or along with nitrogen fertiliser. The next objective was to determine the impact of foliar application of sodium humate water solution applied either independently or along with nitrogen fertiliser on the quality and quantity of spring barley yield. The achieved results showed that the autumn application of solid lignite and the presowing application of solid sodium humate into the soil tended to decrease the yield of both grain and straw of spring barley, crude protein content in grain, proportion of the first-class grains and volume weight of grain, whereas the impact of humate was more negative. Lignite and sodium humate in the solid form should be used along with nitrogen fertiliser. The application of sodium humate in liquid form during the growth season of barley tended to increase the yield of both grain and straw. The joint application of nitrogen and liquid sodium humate during the growth season of barley increased the grain yield of barley significantly. A lower dose of nitrogen, applied during the growth season of barley (growth season BBCH 23), increased the grain yield of barley considerably more than a higher N dose, applied into the soil before barley sowing.
To analyze wind erosion events in the real terrain conditions, we proposed to construct a prototype of soil particle catcher devices to trap soil particles. With these devices we are able to measure the intensity of wind erosion at six different heights above the soil surface in one location or at three different heights in two places. It is possible to use them for six different places at the same time as well. We performed field measurements to determine the amount of soil particles transported by the wind between 26 th -31 st March 2012. Each measuring took 60 minutes. After this time the soil particle catchers were emptied and further measurements carried out. At the beginning we selected two places for measurement (soil HPJ 16 and 37) at two heights, one above the other. Then we used two measuring systems 40 m apart at two sites (D2 and D4) and the soil captured at two heights (0, 1). The maximum weight of soil particles trapped in measuring system D2 at height (0) was 1242.7 g at a wind speed of 9.6 ms -1. At measurement height (1) the maximum weight was 72.7 g trapped at the same average hourly rate, but during different measurement events. The measuring system at D4 trapped the highest amount of soil at a wind speed of 8.9 ms -1 (1141.7 g) at height (0) and at a speed of 9.3 ms -1 (22.3 g) at height (1). During the measurements with the two basic measuring systems D4 and D2, we measured the wind erosion intensity together with soil particle catchers D1 and D3. D3 was placed between devices D4 and D2, D1 was 20 m ahead D2. Soil particle catchers were placed on the soil surface at height position (0). We measured increasing soil erosion downwind on four locations spaced at 20 m. The results show that with there is an increasing quantity of particles collected as the erosive surface length increases, due to the so-called snowball effect. We analyzed selected trapped soil samples in order to determine the size of the soil particles and their proportion in the sample at different wind speeds. Samples were subjected to aggregate analysis (laser soil particle analyzer FRITSCH ANALYSETTE 22) in order to set the size and percentage of soil particles. Abstrakt Na analýzu veternej erózie v reálnych terénnych podmienkach sme navrhli skonštruovať lapače pôdnych častíc -deflametre. S týmito zariadeniami dokážeme merať intenzitu veternej erózie v šiestich výškach nad pôdnym povrchom na jednom mieste alebo v troch výškach na dvoch miestach. Urobili sme poľné merania na určenie množstva erodovaných pôdnych častíc v čase 26-31. marec 2012. Dĺžka každého merania bola 60 minút. Po uplynutí tohto času boli deflametre vyprázdnené a pokračovalo sa v ďalšom meraní. Na začiatku sme si vybrali dve miesta na meranie (s HPJ 16 a 37) v dvoch výškach. Potom sme merali pomocou dvoch meracích zostáv vo vzdialenosti 40 m (D2 a D4) a častice sme zachytávali v dvoch výškach (0,1). Maximálne množstvo zachytených častíc v deflametri D2 vo výške (0) bolo 1242,7 g pri rýchlosti vetra 9.6 ms -1. Vo výške (1) maximálne množstvo zachyten...
The water management of cities and villages faces many challenges. Aging infrastructure systems operate for many years after their theoretical lifetime (operation) with a very high need for reconstruction and repair. The solution is proper rainwater management. The investigated area is part of the cadastral area of the Nitra city. This article is based on the use of geographic information systems (GIS) as tools in proposing water retention measures that are needed to improve the microenvironment of the city. We proceeded in several steps, which consisted of area analysis, survey, surface runoff calculations in urbanized areas, proposal of a suitable solution for given location. For real possibilities of rainwater management procedures, a new site on the outskirts of the city was selected. In the given locality, it was possible to use water infiltration as a solution. The locality has suitable conditions of land ownership, pedological conditions, the slope of the area and also the interest of the inhabitants in the ecological solution. The outlined study indicates the need to continue research on the reliability of rainwater management practices.
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