Determination of fish landing price is important, as the same contributes to the structure, conduct and performance of the fish market in Lake Victoria. Determination of relevant landing price is a gap to console between fishermen, agents (middlemen), processors and the government. The main objective of this study was therefore to examine fish price determination. Specifically, to examine the methods for fish price determination and analyse factors that affect fish landing price in Lake Victoria, a cross-sectional design was employed, and 300 respondents were randomly selected from two district councils, namely, Sengerema and Buchosa. Both qualitative and quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and inferential analysis. Findings show that landing price is determined through formal negotiation with processors, consultation with other traders, informal negotiation with buyers and Beach Management Unit (BMU). The study concluded that these are the common methods used to determine landing prices. Also, distance from fishing to onshore landing centres, market information channels, age and experiences of the fishermen are the factors significantly found affecting landing price. It is recommended that the mechanism for setting up fishery price, fish market structure, fishery information and the formation of fishery regulatory body needs fishery policy and sector reforms that mark the determination of fish landing price.
In the past three decades the microfinance has been tremendously developed in rural and urban areas, but most of microfinance institutions are not delivering sustainable microfinance services. This study is centred on determining factors influencing sustainability of Village Community Bank (VICOBA). This study used case study research design. Six VICOBA groups were involved in Newala district and data collection was undertaken using questionnaire, key informant interview and documentary reviews. A total of seventy two VICOBA members were involved in the study. The study found that members of VICOBA need essential microfinance services. The findings show that VICOBA is member based institution where its members are responsible to ensure its sustainability. There are different actors who are involved in operations of VICOBA including the government, donors particularly Lindi and Mtwara Agribusness Support (LIMAS) in the study area. The study has found that sustainability of VICOBA groups is determined by four key factors which are members' income generating activities, shares and loans provided by the group, leadership and accountability and members' education. The study recommends that members should be accountable in their VICOBA groups and dependence from donors support should be at minimal and self-sustenance should be the motive.
Adoption of mobile banking services by mobile phone owners in terms of level of adoption and usefulness of adoption remained inadequate in Tanzania. Such inadequacy of adoption is a result of utilizing traditional banking services by mobile phone owners which decreases advantage of using mobile banking technology. Mobile banking is a situation whereby the customer interacts with a bank via mobile device, an electronic banking system which allows bank customers to get access to their bank accounts via mobile phone. The establishment of adoption level, the factors influencing adoption and usefulness of mobile banking technology among mobile phone owners remains silent. That was a knowledge gap on which the research for this paper focused. The article is intended to assess adoption of mobile banking services by mobile phone owners in Moshi municipality, Tanzania. The specific objectives were to evaluate the level of adoption of mobile banking, analyse factors influencing adoption of mobile banking and evaluate usefulness of mobile banking services. Primary data were collected using questionnaires. They were administered to 182 mobile phone owners who are bank customers. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. The adoption level of mobile baking was revealed to be inadequate. The main factors found to be behind non-adoption of mobile banking service was risk of loss and fear of system failure which was found to negatively affect adoption of mobile banking service. The risks found to have the greatest influence were fear of sending money to wrong account or phone number and loss of personal or account information. Perceived convenience was found to positively affect adoption of mobile banking. The usefulness established included; accessibility, saving of time and comfort mostly used to pay bills and funds transfer. It therefore concluded that adoption of mobile banking is inadequate and is affected negatively by risk of loss and fear while affected positively by perceived convenience and mobile banking is useful in various ways. It is argued that mobile banking should be adopted by banks and mobile phone owners in Tanzania.
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