ABSTRAK. Penelitian bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh fermentasi secara aerobik dan anaerobik rumput gajah mini (RGM) sebagai pakan terhadap performan kambing Boerka. Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dan terdiri atas tiga perlakuan yaitu RGM segar, RGM hasil fermentasi an-aerob dan RGM hasil fermentasi aerob. Pada setiap perlakuan ternak diberikan konsentrat dengan komposisi 50% hijauan dan 50% konsentrat berdasarkan bahan kering. Digunakan 24 ekor ternak kambing Boerka jantan (8 ekor per perlakuan). Ternak ditempatkan di kandang individu. Peubah yang diamati mencakup konsumsi bahan kering (BK), pertambahan bobot hidup harian (PBHH), efisiensi penggunaan pakan (EPP), income over feed cost (IOFC) dan kecernaan pakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa RGM segar sebagai pakan kambing dengan persentase pemberian 50% RGM dan 50% konsentrat menghasilkan PBHH dan IOFC yang nyata lebih tinggi (P0,05) dibanding RGM hasil fermentasi (62,1 vs 32,4 g/e/h dan Rp. 222.960 vs Rp. 104.397/e/3 bln) diikuti dengan EPP yang sama dengan RGM hasil fermentasi aerob sebesar 0,10. Pengolahan RGM melalui fermentasi meningkatkan kandungan protein kasar namun tidak meningkatkan kecernaan. Pemanfaatan RGM hasil fermentasi an-aerob untuk pakan kambing Boerka sedang tumbuh dapat menghasilkan konsumsi nutrien, kecernaan nutrien, PBHH, EPP dan IOFC yang sebanding dengan RGM tanpa fermentasi. (Aerob and un-aerob fermentation of dwarf elephant grass as feed for growing Boerka goat) ABSTRACT. The research was aimed to study the effects of fermentation of dwarf elephant grass (DEG) as feed on Boerka goat performances. The experiment was at Indonesian Goat Research Station, Sei Putih in 2015. The experiment was arranged in completely randomized designed, and consisted of three diet treatments namely 1) fresh (unfermented) DEG, 2) aerobically-fermented DEG, and 3) anaerobically-fermentation DEG. Goat was offered 50% concentrate and 50% DEG on every treatment based on dry matter. Twenty four of male Boerka goats were used on this experiment (eight animals per treatment). Parameters observed included dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), income over feed cost (IOFC) and digestibility. The results showed that utilitazion of unfermented dwarf elephant resulted in higher ADG and IOFC (P0.05) than goats received aerob fermented dwarf elephant grass (62.1 vs 32.4 g/h/d dan Rp. 222,960 vs Rp. 104,397/h/3 month). Feed efficiency ranged from 0.08 to 0.10 and was not affected by treatments (P0.05). Fermentation of DEG increase crude protein content. The usage of anaerobically-fermentation DEG as feed of Boerka goat produce nutrient intake, nutrient digestibility, ADG, feed efficiency and IOFC which were comparable to DEG without fermentation.
The research aims was to identify and study on morphology, production, and nutritive value of several local forages resources in North Sumatra. The study had been carried out in May till December 2015. The method of this research was survey at four districts in North Sumatera. Four species among 11 species of local forages resources those were found on survey planted at Sei Putih field trial were selected by it's growth, nutritive value, and palatability criterion. Parameter recorded were plant height, number of branches, production and nutritive value. The experiment was arranged in completely randomized designed consisting of four species of forages and five replications. The results of experiment showed that Tithonia diversifolia (Mexican flower) had the best growth compared to Clibadium surinamense L, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, and Polysciac fruticosa (L) Harms. Three months after planting T. diversifolia had 157.7 cm of average plant height (while other three species were only 118.0; 52.1; and 15.9 cm respectively), average number of branch was 57.6 and average fresh production was 1,779.3 g/plant. Crude protein content of C.
Biomass by-products or plant residues from the plantation system would play a crucial role in animal production since the utilization of forages from the underneath tree crops would be less or minimal when the palm oil crop mature. By-products generated from the palm oil system vary, but in relation to the animal production they could be generally categorized into the fibrous by-products and the non-fibrous (concentrate) by-products. Palm oil mill effluent (POME) and palm kernel cake (PKC) are concentrate by-products produced during the processing of palm oil extraction which have great potency to support sheep and goat production, although limiting factors such as contamination of shell and high copper level in PKC need to be considered in their utilization as feed. The fibrous palm oil by-products include oil palm fronds (OPF) and oil palm trunk (OPT) generated from the palm crop trees and oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) and palm pressed fiber (PPF) generated from processing of fresh fruits to yield crude oil. These fibrous by-products cannot meet the metabolisable energy required for high growth rate and for lactation of sheep and goats due to low DM digestibility, low crude protein content, low fermentable carbohydrate and low level of intake. Limited inclusion level in ration should be applied for those by-products to yield an acceptable production level of sheep and goats. Pretreatments (physical, chemical, and biological) gave some improvement in their nutritional qualities, however additional cost of pretreatments need to be considered. In the future, there would be a great challenge for the utilization of those fibrous by-products as animal feed since bioconversion of lignocellulosic materials to products such as chemicals (bioethanol, sugar, and bioplastic), fuels, and organic fertilizers are receiving greater interest. Some comparative advantages of these natural wastes are their relatively low cost, renewable and widespread in nature for used in an industrial operation.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth of and feed utilization by Boer x Kacang crosses goats fed on total mixed ration differing in protein and energy levels. Four total mixed rations combination were formulated to contain 16 and 18% crude protein and 2650 and 2850 Kcal ME/ kg DM (dried matter) energy density. Twenty-eight male Boer x Kacang crosses goats (14.5 ± 1.14 kg) and of age ranging from 4 to 5 months were randomly allocated to one of these four TMRs (total mixed rations) (7 animals/TMR). The effects of dietary treatment were assessed using the general linear model and significance of the diet effects was detected using Duncan’s multiple range test. Dry matter intake increased as metabolizable energy density of diet increased from 2650 to 2850 Kcal/kg DM, but it is not affected by increasing crude protein level from 16 to 18%. The average daily gains were not improved (P>0.05) as the crude protein levels and metabolizable energy density of diet increased. Crude protein levels and ME density did not affect (P>0.05) the DM, OM and energy digestibility, but NDF digestibility was affected by the ME density of diets (P<0.05). Daily N intakes were greater (P<0.0%) in goats received diets higher in the crude protein and metabolizable energy levels. At this high rate of feed intake this type of goats are able to gain optimally when offered feed with crude protein level of 16% and metabolizable energy density of 2850 Kcal/kg DM.
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