The RPR can be a strong predictor of the degree of fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis and native liver. It shows higher accuracy compared to the RDW and MELD score. However, its use in predicting inflammation is limited.

Transanal endoscopic microsurgery is effective and safe for the surgical resection of rectal carcinoids<2 cm in diameter, with typical features and located more than 5 cm from the anal verge. Transanal endoscopic microsurgery can be used for primary resection or for resection after incomplete colonoscopic snare excision.

Transanal endoscopic microsurgery is an extremely safe procedure, offering very low perioperative morbidity. The overall morbidity found in our study was 10.5%, on par with published data for large series of 21%, 7.7%, and 14.9%. In contrast, complications from radical resection are reported at 18% to 55%.

Small bowel tumors and other rare intestinal disorders are often exceedingly difficult to identify. Even cutting-edge technologies, such as push enteroscopy and capsule endoscopy, can fail to determine the cause of a patient's symptoms. At our institution magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) has become an increasingly reliable tool in the difficult-to-diagnose or difficult-to-monitor patient. In this retrospective case series, we discuss four patients with four rare intestinal disorders that were successfully diagnosed using MRE after failing to be diagnosed using more routine technologies, such as CT scans and flexible sigmoidoscopies. With the discussion of these four cases we demonstrate that MRE is a useful diagnostic modality in patients whose surveillance is difficult or to diagnose rare colorectal disease phenomena, colloquially referred to as “zebras.”

Conclusions: Treatment of intraarticular osteoid osteomas with radiofrequency ablation in the pediatric population is a safe and effective technique with high technical success and a low complication rate.