Structural, metamorphic, and geochronologic work shows that the Ampelos/Dilek nappe of the Cycladic blueschist unit in the eastern Aegean constitutes a wedge of high-pressure rocks extruded during early stages of orogeny. The extrusion wedge formed during the incipient collision of the Anatolian microcontinent with Eurasia when subduction and deep underthrusting ceased and the Ampelos/Dilek nappe was thrust southward over the greenschist-facies Menderes nappes along its lower tectonic contact, the Cycladic-Menderes thrust, effectively cutting out a ∼30- to 40-km-thick section of crust. The upper contact of the Ampelos/Dilek extrusion wedge is the top-to-the-NE Selçuk normal shear zone, along which the Ampelos/Dilek nappe was exhumed by ∼30–40 km. Detailed Rb-Sr and 40Ar/39Ar dating of mylonites demonstrates that both shear zones operated between 42 and 32 Ma. There is no evidence for episodic motion during the ∼10 Myr life span of the shear zones, suggesting that both shear zones operated in a steady, nonepisodic fashion. Our data provide supporting evidence that simultaneous thrust-type and normal sense shearing can accomplish the early exhumation of deep-seated rock

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We present evidence for an extrusion wedge in the Scandian fold-thrust belt of the central Scandinavian Caledonides (Seve nappe complex). Rb-Sr multimineral geochronology in synkinematic assemblages indicates simultaneous movements at the normal-sense roof shear zone and at the reverse-sense floor shear zone between 434 Ma and 429 Ma. A Sm-Nd age of 462 Ma from a mylonitic garnet mica schist documents prograde garnet growth and possible incipient subduction. Pressure-temperature pseudosection calculations provide evidence for eclogite facies metamorphic conditions and nearly isothermal decompression at ~670 ± 50 °C from 17.5 to 14.5 kbar in garnet-kyanite mica schists during reverse-sense shearing, and from 15 to 11 kbar in garnet mica schists during normal-sense shearing. These data and the presence of decompression-related pegmatites dated at 434 Ma and 429 Ma indicate that the Seve nappes form a large-scale extrusion wedge. This wedge extends along strike for at least 150 km and marks an early stage of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism, exhumation, and orogenic wedge formation in this part of the Scandinavian Caledonides predating the major, post-415 Ma ultrahigh-pressure exhumation processes in southwestern Norway. INTRODUCTIONExtrusion wedges are increasingly recognized as major, lithosphericscale structural features in collisional orogens that exhumed ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic rocks during plate convergence, as for example in the Himalayas, Alps, and Hellenides (see Ring and Glodny, 2010, and references therein). They are characterized by simultaneous movements along their normal-sense roof and reverse-sense floor shear zones. We focus on HP metamorphic rocks of the Seve nappes in the Jämtland-Västerbotten segment of the central Scandinavian Caledonides (Fig. 1A). They are bounded by a normal-sense, hinterland-directed shear zone at the roof and a foreland-directed shear zone at the floor (Greiling et al., 1998). This set of opposed-sense shear zones is a structural feature crucial for understanding Scandian orogenic wedge evolution. Based on this geometry, a Himalayantype extrusion of the Seve nappes was hypothesized (Gee et al., 2010). We studied both shear zones to test for simultaneous ductile shear and for their timing within Scandian orogenic wedge evolution.

1 2The intrusion of the large (c. 18.000 km 2 ) anorthosite body of the Kunene Intrusive 3Complex, Angola/Namibia, which is associated with minor marginal granite bodies and 4 syenite/syenodiorite dykes, marked the beginning of Mesoproterozoic igneous activity in NW 5 Namibia. Anorthosites display an igneous mineral assemblage of dominating plagioclase, 6 together with minor olivine, orthopyroxene or clinopyroxene, Fe-Ti oxides, whereas biotite 7 and pargasite are late-magmatic phases. Apatite is a common accessory phase. In regionally 8 associated felsic rocks K-feldspar, plagioclase, clinopyroxene and/or hastingsite crystallized 9 first, followed by interstitial quartz, hastingsite, Fe-Ti oxides, and titanite. would be expected from fractionation products of melts that previously formed extensive 1 plagioclase cumulates, and (4) δ 18 O values of magmatic feldspar from the felsic rock suite fall 2 in a restricted range (7.20-7.92 ‰) that is about 1.6 ‰ higher than the average igneous 3 plagioclase δ 18 O of the anorthosites and suggests a formation of the felsic melts by anatexis of 4 the lower crust. 5 6

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